Developing high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum

nological science, especially 6 it is 4.0 Industrial Revolution and role of objects in high – tech agriculture, especially, the role of enterprise which link with small production farmers with high – tech to development of agriculture and sustainable development.. 5.2 . About reality - The thesis has analyzed, assessed the reality of developing high – tech agriculture and high – tech application agriculture in Kon Tum, the achievement, limits, weakness, challenges and issues need to be restructured agricultural industry of Kon Tum. - The thesis has proposed points of view and solution of developing high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum to improve the effectiveness and sustainable development of agriculture of Kon Tum. - The research result of the thesis is useful science basis for policy planners, state management offices about developing high – tech agriculture; simultaneously its referent document for offices to do research and teach about high – tech agriculture. 6. Structure of the thesis. Out of introduction, conclusion, list of reference document, content of the thesis includes 4 chapters: Chapter 1: Overview about research works related to the thesis Chapter 2: Theoretical basis and real experience about developing high – tech agriculture Chapter 3: The reality of developing high –tech agriculture in Kon Tum Chapter 4: Orientation and solution of developing high –tech agriculture in Kon Tum. Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO HIGH – TECH AGRICULTURE 1.1. The situation of research in foreign countries: About high – tech agriculture in the world with many researches, especially in the circumstance of 4.0 Industrial Revolution, almost 7 researches reflect that applying high – tech into agricultural production has become trend, most concerned and paid attention by many countries. Specifically its Israel, almost farms, net houses are applied high – tech, equipped with system of digital control with auto control and induction. Thailand is also country mastering well the chance of 4.0 Industrial Revolution and has renovation policy, high – tech application in agricultural and food production; building action program for developing high – tech agriculture for each area with specific agricultural goods and China also builds program of 4.0 agriculture with making priority of choosing to apply high – tech for developing agriculture and logistics Typically is below researches: Daniel Walker in research work-“High-tech agricultural development options in Australia and Vietnam” Research work about Holland “One small country but poor of natural resources has built agricultural industry with high competition, sustainable development and the most effective in the world” by author Nguyen Cong Tan. Researcg work of authors PhiLip KotLer, Hermawan Kartajaya, Iwan Stiawan “Marketing 4.0 moves from tradition to digital technology” Asean Development Bank “Commercializing agriculture, value chain and porvety reduction” Gunter Pauli “The Blue Economy -10 years - 100 Innovations - 100 million jobs” The age Publisher, 2014. 1.2 The situation of domestic research There are works divided into below groups: 1.2.1 Group of research works about developing high – tech agriculture related to movement of agricultural economy structure 1.2.2. Research works related to the development of high – tech agriculture upon the trend of market demand 1.2.3. Research works about developing high – tech agriculture related to sustainable agriculture development, adapting with climate change. 1.2.4. Research works related to the development of high – tech 8 application. 1.2.5. Research works related to the development of high – tech agriculture according to value chain of agricultural products. 1.2.6 Research works related to the development of high – tech agriculture attaching to industry linking, area linking. 1.3. Common assessment about researches related to the development of high – tech agriculture and matters to be continuing to be researched by the thesis. 1.3.1. Common assessment about researches related to the thesis From overview of domestic and foreign research works related to the development of high – tech agriculture, the author sees that some matters about theoretical issues have been basically solved, the reality about the development of high – tech agriculture are: Firstly, works have focused on explaining theoretical issues about the development of agriculture upon trend of industrializing, modernizing rural area, agriculture in suburban; smart agriculture, green growth and sustainability. Determining the necessity of developing high – tech agriculture to increase capacity, agricultural products, reduce price, enhance competition, solve job, and minimize bad impact to environment and sustainable development. Secondly, having issuing some mechanism and policies to develop high – tech agriculture related to plan, land, technological science application; linking upon chain of agricultural product value chain; strongly promoting industrial and area linkage. Thirdly, developing agriculture bases on priority of comparision of each nation, each area; specializing , strongly mechanizing in agricultural production; moving structure of plants, animals with priority, attaching with processing and market connection 1.3.2. Spaces need to be researched: The author realizes that there are five groups of issues needed to be researched. Chapter 2 THEORETICAL BASIS AND REALITY 9 DEVELOPING HIGH – TECH AGRICULTURE 2.1. Concepts and theories about developing high – tech agriculture 2.1.1. Concept about developing high – tech agriculture (High – tech, modern agriculture, high – tech agriculture, the development of high – tech agriculture) - Concept about high – tech and high – tech agriculture, modern agriculture and the development of high – tech agriculture + Concept about high – tech, modern agriculture: - Modern agriculture: according to Nawaraj Kumar Mahato Pankaj Verma in the book (Modern Agricultural Practices). Modern agriculture is: large and focal production agriculture basing on high – tech science foundation, production process and the management of advance, modernization, saving resources, adapting with climate change and demand of market on the basis of improving capacity, quality, added value, international competition capacity and sustainable development. - About developing high – tech agriculture as below: The author has given out the concept of developing high – tech agriculture as below: “Developing high – tech agriculture is process of developing agriculture basing on foundation of technical science and high – tech, process of advanced and modern production; aiming at creating big agriculture products with high quality meeting the demand and trend of market, having large production scale, creating added value and highly competitive capacity; adapting with climate change and sustainable development of both economy, society and ecological environment”. 2.1.2 Some theories and main characters of high – tech agriculture - Theory about agricultural development: + Rostow model of American economist Walter Tostow + Dualism by American author Arthur Lewis and John Fei và Gustar Rainis. - Development theory depends on resources. + Douglass C.North (1998), in the work “Institution, institutional 10 change and economic performance” + Solow scientist built model of growth basing on Cobb-Douglas. + Model Lukas has explained process of economic growth under endogenous factors, especially from the aspect of ensuring technological progress by increasing human capital. + Romer (1990) took the role of technical advance as endogenous origin of growth.. Economist Joost Platje (2008) gave out concept “Institutional capital” when making analysis of factors impacted to sustainable development. In the research of Jonathan Coulter and his partners (1977) pointed out the cooperation between farmers with farmers who used to operate the best when team farmers were connected with input market and output market via linking. - Theory of agricultural development upon market orientation. In the research “Choosing policy of developing agriculture of countries in group OECD" by author J.Brooks (2010). In the research of FAO "Rapid growth of selected Asian economies lesson and implications for agriculture and food security China and India". - Theory of agricultural development upon high – tech agriculture. + Theory of J.H. von Thunew, Kunznet + Developing high – tech agriculture upon production chain and chain of agricultural product value: Researchers Stamm & Christian in the research ILO “Developing value chain: Method of approaching and activities of seven United Nations offices and chances for interdisciplinary development” 2.2. Characters and the necessity of developing high – tech agriculture Developing high – tech agriculture is objective necessity of process of moving technical, technological structure and restructuring agriculture; being necessary trend under the impact of developing production force that the direct is the development of technological science; development of market economy and trend of globalization, regionalization. During process 11 of development, global economy has experienced three periods of development from lower to higher, in which including agriculture. With strong development of technological science, 4.0 Industrial Revolution has created condition for agriculture of many countries to develop and get many important achievements. Vietnam is not out of this wave. Benefits from high – tech agriculture production are : creating large products, high capacity, good quality and hospitability with environment; helping farmers to be active in production, reducing the dependence on weather and climate so production scale is expended; helping reduce production cost, verifying brand and better competition in the market . 2.3 Major features of high – tech agriculture High – tech agriculture has 8 major features 2.4. Content, appearance and target of assessing the development of high – tech agriculture 2.4.1. Content of developing high – tech agriculture - Promoting advanced application of technological science, high – tech in agricultural production is one of important content of developing high – tech agriculture. - Product of high – tech agriculture is goods with features of its own ecological region attaching with market development. - Renovating production organization and managing agricultural development upon modern trend. - Forming value chain and closely linking between objects in agricultural production. 2.4.2 Form of developing high – tech agriculture: There are below forms: - Enterprise of high – tech agricultural application. - High – tech agricultural zone - High – tech agricultural region: Being a region of focal agriculture production with large scale which is produced basing on foundation of advanced technical science and high – tech in agriculture to 12 produce one or some agricultural products for strategical export. - Project, methods of doing business production applying high – tech. 2.4.3. Target of assessing the development of high – tech agriculture 2.4.3.1. Qualitative target to assess high – tech agriculture: About science and technology; about economy; about society and enviroment . 2.4.3.2. Quantitative target 2.5. Factors impacted to the development of high – tech agriculture 2.5.1 Internal factor of objects in high – tech agricultural application. - Natural condition and land resource - Human resources - Financial ability - Application of technological science 2.5.2 Macro factors impacted to the development of high – tech agriculture Agricultural product consumption market; Legal environment; Business investment environment. 2.6. Experience of developing high – tech agriculture and the lesson. 2.6.1. Developing high – tech agriculture in some countries - Experience from Israel; Experience from Holland; Experience from China; Experience from Thailand.. 2.6.2. Developing high – tech agriculture in some provinces and cities - Experience from Lam Dong Province: Experience of developing high – tech agriculture, building zones and regions of high – tech agriculture in Lam Dong shows that out of investing into infrastructure, mechanism and policies of encouraging the development of high – tech agriculture require the links upon production chain and effectively agricultural product value chain; key factors (enterprises, cooperatives, farm); having certain potentiality about finance, technological science and being clues to distribute and consumpt. - Experience from An Giang province: An Giang pays attention to develop high quality human resources, improve qualification of 13 technologial technique, develop scientifically intellectual resource, high – tech, modern technology to bring technological science to become motivation for the demand of developing agriculture in An Giang to be deserve to postion of leading economy of province. - Experience from Son La province: In order to develop fruits applying high – tech, Son La has determined priority of each subarea, focusing on land scale, building large field, cultivating in fruits; arranging state budget to invest into doing research technological science, registering trademark, food traceability, building brand for products; supporting the development of agricultural cooperatives in order to promote fruit development production upon value chain and support cooperatives to link with enterprises for consumption and connect with domestic and oversea market. 2.6.3. Lessons for Vietnam in general and Kon Tum in particular From domestic and foreign experience and success above, it can be taken the lesson for Vietnam and Kon Tum about developing high – tech agriculture Chapter 3 THE REALITY OF DEVELOPING HIGH – TECH AGRICULTURE IN KON TUM 3.1. Natural, socio – economic condition impacted to the development of high – tech agriculture 3.1.1. Factors of natural condition impacted to the development of high – tech agriculture 3.1.1.1. Economic positoin: Kon Tum is a moutainous and border province lying in the North pole of Highland, the West abuts with Laos and Cambodia; the North abuts with Quang Nam province, the East abuts with Quang Ngai province, the South abuts with Gia Lai province, it is the place of connecting economic, cultural and social development between Highland with coastal provinces of the Middle. 14 3.1.1.2. Weather and climate Kon Tum has highland moonson tropical climate; average temperature 22-23°C, daily temperature 8-9°C, divided into rainy and dry seasons; there are two subareas with temperate and tropical climate 3.1.1.3. Water resource and hydrological regime - Surface water resource - Underground water resource Water resource in Kon Tum basically meets the demand of developing high – tech agriculture, especially in the regions of the East and the Northeast of province with full water resource, good quality of water for the development of agriculture. 3.1.1.4. Land resource and forest ecology Kon Tum has natural area of 9.674,2 km 2 , land resource is divided into 5 groups with 17 main types of land; agricultural land in Kon Tum is 874.614,57ha accounting for 90,41% natural area. 3.1.2. Technical and social infrastruture impacted to the development of high – tech agriculture 3.1.2.1. Basis infrastructure serving for agricultural production: - Transport system: Having routines connecting with central coast region, regions in East – West economic corridor line. - Power system: Basically meeting the demand of serving production of high – tech agriculture; having potentiality of developing fresh energy, renewable energy, hydroelectric dam. - Informatics system: Internet and informatics systems have developed equally with good quality, meeting the demand of serving the development of economy, society, culture and the development of high – tech agriculture. - Irrigation system: Having system of dense rivers and streams, large underground water system are favorable for developing high – tech agriculture. 3.1.2.2. Character of population and human resource Kon Tum has small scale of population, 2019 has average 15 population of 540.438 people; population during gold time; However, population distribution in rural areas and mountainous areas is sparse and not concentrative... 3.2. Economic structure and the reality of developing agriculture in Kon Tum 3.2.1. Economic structure, growth and movement of agricultural structure - About economic structure and growth: in 2018: economic structure moved upon positive direction: Agro – forestry fishery account for 24,3%, Industry – Construction account for 27,25%, Trade – Service account for 48,45%; Economic growth speed increases 7,7% - Movement of agro – forestry fishery structure Generally the development of agriculture in Kon Tum is unequal to the advantage of local, agricultural products, endemic pharmacognosy, animal, seafood with low quality and is not built its own brand for agricultural products for Kon Tum. 3.2.2 The reality of growth and movement of plants, animals in Kon Tum - The movement of agricultural structure - Plant structure - Animal structure 3.3. The reality of developing high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum 3.3.1. Exploring natural and social elements for developing high – tech agriculture 3.3.2. The reality of researching tranformation, application of technological science in developing high – tech agriculture 3.3.2.1. The reality of applying hihg – tech in hybridizaiton and selection with high quality productivity to plant and animal. 3.3.2.2. The reality of applying high – tech in cultivation and feeding: Assessing the reality of applying high – tech in cultivation and feeding as: using greenhouse technology, net house, technology of doing soil, irrigation, technology of auto information collection, 16 3.3.2.3. The reality of collecting technology and preservation after collection 3.3.2.4. The reality of process technology Developing high – tech agriculture has formed some models of applying synchronous high – tech in feeding goat for milk, chicken and pig; cultivation has formed some models like vegetable and flower in greenhouse applying synchronous high – tech but not popular; the rest is applied high – tech in each step in production like applying seed of high quality productivity/ applying technology of sprinkler irrigation, drop irrigation/ technology of processing green core coffee/ technology of dry..., developing high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum does not form production chain and agro value chain. 3.3.3. The reality of human resource for developing high – tech agriculture Assessing, analyzing the reality of labor force in working age; cultural qualification, specialized qualification and management, occupational qualification; human resource training places, team of scientific research. In general, human resource of Kon Tum is missing and weak both in quality and quantity without catching up with the requirement of development during process of integration, the boom development of 4.0 industrial revolution. 3.3.4. The reality of agricultural production organization and high tech agriculture: There are forms of production as below: - Household economy - Farmy economy - Cooperative economy: - Agricultural enterprise - High – tech agricultural Areas, regions Household is the most popular way of production with rag scale and missing of link. 3.3.5. The reality of chain link in developing high – tech agriculture Kon Tum province developing agriculture in general and high – 17 tech agriculture are retail and small without scattering strongly upon chain of value link. 3.3.6. Market of agro – consumption of Kon Tum Assessing and analysing market of agricaultural consumption of Kon Tum including: Domestic market, export market: Having expanded to some foreign markets out of traditional market, China, however, export market is very limited compared to countries that Vietnam signed trade agreement cooperation. 3.3.7. Impact of policies and capital for developing high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum The thesis focuses on analysing the impact of Government and local policy, in general, there is positive impact creating legal basis, supporting much for development of high – tech agriculture. However, some policies are not suitable and uneffective with many difficulties for beneficiary objects (government policy); and are not strong enough to promote the development of high – tech agriculture (local policy) 3.4. General assessment on achievement, difficulties and limits about the development of high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum 3.4.1 Achievements: Developing high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum has gotten some first results creating the premise for promoting strongly in the next coming. 3.4.2 Limits and weakness of developing high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum: There are seven existing matters needed to have right policy and solution to recover in time for breakthrough development of high – tech agricultura in Kon Tum. 3.4.3. Difficulties, challenges to the development of high – tech agricultura in Kon Tum There are many challenges as lack of wáter; the level of full compared to criteria about high – tech agriculture region, high – tech state Enterprise, high – tech agricultura Project in Kon Tum are quite low; ability of capturing high – tech of Enterprise is low; difficulty in finance and human 18 resource; infrastructure is low with the most difficult in transport infrastructure, service of high – tech agricultura, logistics are not developed well. 3.4.4. Cause of limits, weakness and challenges for the development of high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum 3.4.4.1 Objective cause 3.4.4.2 Subjective cause 3.5. Challenges to the development of high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum: The reality shows that some necessary elements for the development of high – tech agriculture with impossible mising elements like: Infrastructure, capital, land, human resource, technological science, mechanism and policy, linking upon production chain and supply value chain... However, resource elements are difficult with much challenge in Kon Tum currently. Chapter 4 ORIENTAION AND SOLUTION OF DEVELOPING HIGH – TECH AGRICULTURE IN KON TUM 4.1. International, domestic circumstance and predicting elements impacted to the development of high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum 4.1.1 Domestic and international circumstance impacted to the development of high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum 4.1.2 International integration opens market of agricultural product consumption for Vietnam and Kon Tum. 4.1.2.1 Predicting market of consumpting some agricultural products 4.1.2.2 Chances, challenges thanks to international economy integration. 4.1.3 Advocate of developing high – tech agrỉculture in Vietnam brings chance for developing high – tech agriculture of Kon Tum Vietnam is having advocate of promoting agricultural structure, many advocates, policies supporting to promote the development of high – 19 tech agriculture, exploring and promoting the advantage of tropical agriculture, developing agriculture of goods with large scale upon modernization, high quality goods cultivation region and sharp development. 4.1.4. Assessing strong and weak points impacted to the development of high – tech agriculture (SWOT analysis) Being province with difficult socio – economy but with advantage of geographical position, natural condition and the concern about high – tech agricultural application of provincial authority shows that potentiality about high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum is very large. Kon Tum has many advantages but not less difficulties and challenges. 4.2. Point of view and orientation of developing high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum 4.2.1. Point of view about developing high – tech agriculture in Kon Tum There are five contents in the point of view of developing high – tech agriculture. The key matter is the development of high – tech agriculture creating multi – level economy model according to closed cycle, minimalizing