Philosophy ideas of Ton Trung Son and its meaning

of Ton Trung Son and Tam Danism on Ho Chi Minh by Le Thi Tinh (Vietnam Journal of Social Science, No. 8/2015); ... In general, the above works have been submitted. Outline the relationship between Ton Trung Son and the Vietnamese revolution in the early twentieth century, reflected in the effects of the Chinese revolution led by Ton Trung Son on the Vietnamese revolution and on the revolutionaries. Vietnamese seniors. 1.4. General comments about the research works related to the topic and the thesis issues that need further study Firstly, the above-mentioned works have mentioned many contents of Ton Trung Son's thought: Modern thought, political thought, democratic thought, scientific thought, education and military thought. , foreign ideology, social constructivism, etc. Many works through the study of Triple People'sism have analyzed Ton Trung Son's thoughts on nationalism, civil rights and nationalism. born. Through these works, readers can see the rich content in Ton Trung Son's thought, not only seeing the stature of a thinker with a spirit of change but also a revolutionary, a leader of the Tan Hoi revolution. Besides, many works have mentioned the influence of Ton Trung Son, Tan Hoi revolution, Tam Danism to the revolutionary movement and thinkers of Vietnam in the modern period, etc. The work asserts that Ton Trung Son and the Tan Hoi revolution have a great influence on the Vietnamese revolution, affecting Vietnamese revolutionaries such as Phan Boi Chau, Ho Chi Minh ... Many articles have been classified. analysis of Ho Chi Minh's ideological and revolutionary expressions showing the influence from Ton Trung Son and from Tam Danism. Secondly, in Vietnam, although there have been many research works on Ton Trung Son's ideology, Ton Trung Son's intensive works on philosophical thought are quite modest. Many works have mentioned his philosophical ideas but the capacity is not large, most of the contents of these works are relatively simple, without in-depth analysis and lack of systematic. Thirdly, in Vietnam, up to now, there has not been a monograph systematically studying and generalizing the philosophical ideas of Ton Trung Son. The studies on Ton Trung Son mainly discussed Ton Trung Son and Tam Danism and Ton Trung Son with the Tan Hoi revolution, the influence of Ton Trung Son on Vietnamese patriots at the end of the 19th century. etc., in particular, these works are mostly shown in articles and magazines. Therefore, this is a difficulty for the implementation of the topic, but at the same time it is also an advantage for the topic to contribute a part in the study of Ton Trung Son's thought in general, his philosophical ideas. in particular. The thesis also wishes to contribute to the exploitation of positive values in the philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son from which to apply in the cause of building our country today. Fourthly, through an overview of the research works of previous scholars, on the basis of inheriting and developing the achieved research results, the thesis will continue to study in depth the philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son, especially the thought of Evolutionary thought, Tri nan ideological idea, democracy, the idea of human rights. On the basis of further research and systematizing Ton Trung Son's philosophy of thought, the thesis shows the value and significance of Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought to society today. CHAPTER 2 FOUNDATION FOR ESTABLISHING THE PHILOSOPHY IDEAS OF TON TRUNG SON 2.1. Background of Chinese society in the late nineteenth century - early twentieth century China, from the late nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, was the period of the old democratic revolution led by the bourgeoisie against the aggression of outside forces. West) and overthrow the rule of feudalism in China, with the political purpose of building the authoritarian state government of the bourgeoisie, the goal of the revolution is to develop private capitalism. in which the Xinhai revolution in 1911 was the first old-style democratic revolution of great significance. 2.2. Theoretical origin for the formation and development of philosophical ideas of Ton Trung Son 2.2.1. Concepts of nation, nation, state before Ton Trung Son In the history of Chinese thought, the concept of nation, nation, state has existed very early. Since ancient times, China has had many political and social ideas such as the political doctrines of Lao PDR, Mac, Khong, Dharma, etc. are very famous, and each doctrine points out the purpose of building. an ideal country. For example, "Lao Tzu" theory of Lao Tzu delineated the model of "small country, small population"; Confucius' doctrine of "virtue" refers to the society of "mini khang, dong dong"; Mac Tu's "Tiet" theory with the policy of building an ideal nation "peaceful and peaceful people"; the French sect designed the ideal national model as the "national army and military force"; ... 2.2.2. The conception of civil rights of the thinkers before Ton Trung Son From ancient times, Manh Tu had a slim idea of "the people's will" when he said that the importance of the people's opinion was to take people's viewpoints in terms of politics, but there must still be limits to class. By the Ming - Yuan period, Luu Co developed the idea of "people as the root" as the supreme principle in national rule. In the Qing dynasty, Khang Huu Vi believed that it was one of the foundations for reaching the universal world. 2.3.3. The conception of people before Ton Trung Son Regarding the thought of "the people", Ton Trung Son absorbed many ideas of the thinkers before him, such as Lao Tzu with the thought of making the people "full of belly" (really happy); Confucius with the thought of the people; Manh Tu with the thought of "with the people"; Tuan Tu with the thought of "the people"; French sect with the idea of nursing people; people's ideology of Hoang Ton Di (late Ming dynasty and early Thanh dynasty). 2.3. People and careers revolutionary activities of Ton Trung Son Ton Trung Son, whose name is Van, is called Dat Tien, comes from a poor farmer family in Thuy Hanh village, Huong Son district (now Trung Son city), Guangdong province. From an early age, he was involved in farming and soon saw the hardships of the farmers. Sun Yat-sen had a great hatred for the bad habits that existed in feudal China in his teenage days. When growing up, Ton Trung Son had the opportunity to study abroad. During his time studying abroad, he persisted in studying, gained a lot and systematically knowledge of natural sciences; in particular, having the opportunity to examine the economic - political situation of European and American countries, in contact with Western bourgeois democracy, convinced by the slogan "freedom, equality and charity" of the West. Wishing to reform the old Chinese society, after returning to China, he creatively applied the knowledge he learned abroad into his revolutionary activities. Conclusion of chapter 2 In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the feudal Chinese regime, which existed for thousands of years, began to weaken and was at risk of disintegration, the mode of capitalist production was gradually taking shape, leading to conflicts between productive forces and production relations, as well as conflicts between forces and classes in society, especially the radical bourgeoisie and conservative feudal mandarins. Not only that, China has to deal with Western colonial aggression. The Opium War is one of the manifestations of relations between China and Western capitalist countries. The context of Chinese society in the late nineteenth century - early twentieth century placed a requirement on the search for a way to liberate China, whose nucleus was the ideological ideology for making needles. show the men and guide the liberation of China. Sun Yat-sen was living in the Chinese context at that time, all the developments in Chinese society at that time strongly influenced him, urging him to find a way to liberate China. A person who has absorbed two traditional Chinese Confucian and Western educational backgrounds, plus the opportunity to interact with Western works, gain a sense of democracy and freedom. , equality, etc. has formed in the thought of Ton Trung Son the initial sketches of thought and the way to liberate China. In the process of searching and building the ideology to save the country, Ton Trung Son also studied ideological theories, traditional philosophies such as Confucianism, Macao, ... and at the same time absorbed the conception of the nation. family, people, civil rights, the people, about the universal world; about the people-centered ideology, taking the people as the root, etc. in Chinese tradition. At the same time, he combined Western ideas of freedom and equality with traditional Chinese ideas to form his own philosophical ideas. CHAPTER 3 PHILOSOPHY IDEAS OF TON TRUNG SON 3.1. The natural philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son in evolution 3.1.1. About the origin and evolution of the universe Ton Trung Son said that evolution is a common rule of all things in the universe. He said that the creation and development of the universe is the process of material evolution, the history of the development of the material world. He divided the cosmic evolution into three periods as follows: The first is the period of material evolution; the second period is the period of species evolution; The third period is the period of evolution of mankind. 3.1.2. The relationship between matter and spirit Regarding the relationship between matter and spirit, Ton Trung Son acknowledged that the material preceded, the spirit behind, the inseparable matter to consider the spirit, the spirit has an effect on matter again. 3.2. Epistemology of Ton Trung Son through the theory of "Tri nan hanh hanh" 3.2.1. "Prophetic prophetic action" (Do not know before) "Prophetic prophetic action" is a basic feature in materialist epistemology of Sun Yat-sen, also the basis for his doctrine "tri-tri tri tri". Sun Yat-sen cites a series of historical events, practical activities of class struggle and the history of civilized progress of mankind to justify the human cognitive process as "doing first." know later ”. It can be said, "do first know after" is the basic content, the logical core of the theory of "tri tri wang de tri". Applying this perspective to the practice of revolutionary activities, Ton Trung Son especially emphasized that only when participating directly in the revolutionary struggle, can then understand the laws and the causes of success. or failure of the revolution. This shows that, according to Ton Trung Son, the most important principle is derived from practice, the attitude is really discriminatory and creative spirit. Interestingly, Ton Trung Son was not a fan of Marxist theory, but he concurred with Marx's "scientific method" when he thought that it must come from social practice to study problems. topical of society. 3.2.2. "Ignorant herons" (Do not know can still do) Ton Trung Son repeatedly said that people who want to properly perceive the objective world must inevitably through observation and scientific experiments; Moreover, in order to gain knowledge in terms of social history, it is indispensable through revolutionary struggle and other socio-political activities. Observing and experimenting science and revolutionary practices of the bourgeoisie is the important content of the "practice" that he refers to, and this is also the method to acquire knowledge. Ton Trung Son also said that any principle or theory will need to go through "action" to know whether it is right or wrong. This proves that Ton Trung Son has initially realized that "onions" are the truth test criteria, "onions" are the purpose of perception. His view is quite similar to that of dialectical materialism when viewing reality as the standard for testing truth. 3.2.3. "Almighty all action" (Can know certain can do) Ton Trung Son approached the dialectical approach to solving the problem of the relationship between "tri" and "onions, showing that humanity's awareness is constantly moving forward in the process of" taking onions to pray, because tri that practice, "" from practice has no tri to have tri "," because there was tri should practice more. " Sun Yat-sen emphasized the important effect of "tri", asserting that, if he were far from scientific knowledge, human civilization would not be able to progress, thus showing that he had asserted and beaten him. appreciate the "steering" effect of "on". Ton Trung Son upholds the guiding effect of revolutionary reasoning on revolutionary practices. He said that "knowledge of revolution" is the ideological weapon of revolution, "the foundation of revolution lies in profound education", in order for the Chinese revolution to gain victory, it is inevitable that have the direction of the right revolutionary theory, and at the same time must be conducted step by step and plan .. 3.2.4. "Tri-division tasks" (the division between knowing and doing) Ton Trung Son has separated "tri" from "onions", which contradicts the view of "taking a job to find out, and then knowing to move forward" made by himself. He exaggerated the role of special individuals, calling them "inventors", "prophetic prophets"; At the same time, he considered the masses people to be "practitioners" and "unconscious". He did not realize that it was the social reality of the masses that was the source of true knowledge. out, use forever not exhausted. Therefore, he said that "tri" and "onions" must have a clear distinction - "those who know everything must do by themselves, those who do not have to know themselves" (those who know do not need to do, those who do then you don't need to know yourself.) 3.3. The thought of political and social philosophy of Ton Trung Son in Tam Danism 3.3.1. Democratic thought Democracy is one of the important ideas of Ton Trung Son, a guideline for democracy revolution in China in the modern period, contributing to the process of modernizing China. This ideology was formed on the basis of inheriting and promoting Confucianism "people are original" (native people) in the history of traditional Chinese culture and democratic models in European and American countries, at the same time combined with the specific situation of China. This ideology has gradually been supplemented and perfected during the process of revolutionary leadership of Ton Trung Son, so it contains many profound contents such as: Thought about people's ownership, reasoning on order of implementing the revolution, the constitutional five powers and the power to rule. 3.3.2. The thought of freedom and equality The idea of freedom and equality is part of Ton Trung Son's civil rights. Regarding the ideology of freedom, Ton Trung Son emphasizes the freedom of the nation over the freedom of the individual, even the freedom of the individual must serve the freedom of the nation. Regarding the idea of equality, he did not think that all men were created equal. On the contrary, people were born with inequality. In order to achieve equality, according to him, people must try and strive to achieve. One of the bright points in Ton Trung Son's thought about equality is to promote equality between men and women or gender equality. Not only that, he also works to realize this gender equality. Conclusion of chapter 3 Chapter 3 is the central chapter of the thesis, this chapter deals with some basic philosophical ideas of Ton Trung Son such as natural philosophical thought, epistemological thought, political philosophical thought. In the philosophy of natural philosophy, Sun Yat-sen refers to issues such as the origin and evolution of the universe; The relationship between matter and spirit. He said that evolution is the common law of everything in the universe; The formation and development of the universe is the evolution of matter and the history of the physical world. He divided the development history of nature and man into 3 periods or 3 periods: The period of evolution of matter; the evolution of the species; the evolution of mankind. It can be said that, under the influence of the Dyn Uyn doctrine, Ton Trung Son proposed a way to explain the history of human development based on the principles of the doctrine of evolution. This explanation shows that the ideas of Ton Trung Son bear the characteristics of materialism. When discussing the relationship between matter and spirit, Ton Trung Son said that matter comes first, spirit comes later, matter decides the spirit, but in the opposite direction, spirit has the impact again. with respect to matter. When associating this thought with revolutionary practice, Ton Trung Son highly emphasizes the role of the will and spirit. One of the unique features of Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought is when he discusses the theory of "trivial deities." This is considered his thought of awareness. The first content in the theory "tri nan hanh hanh hang" is "do first know after" (the prophet after). This is considered a fundamental feature in the materialist epistemology of Ton Trung Son, which is also the foundation for his doctrine of "trivial deities." The second content is "Real ignorance" (Do not know can still do); the third content is "All-powerful energy function" (Can know certain can do); The final content is "Tri-division tasks" (the division between knowing and doing). In the political philosophy of Ton Trung Son, he mentioned the ideas about democracy, the people's mastery, the power to govern, the constitutional five rights ... In this content, he also presented ideas of freedom, equality, charity. It can be seen that Ton Trung Son's philosophical ideology was not only influenced by traditional Chinese chiefs, but also quite clearly influenced by Western schools, ideologies and philosophies. . The philosophy of Ton Trung Son has positive elements, but there are still certain limitations due to historical conditions. But, as we have seen, Ton Trung Son's philosophical ideas have a great influence on the formation of revolutionary theory, revolutionary ways, his revolutionary strategies. CHAPTER 4 VALUES AND MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY IDEAS OF TON TRUNG SON 4.1. Value, meaning in terms of worldview and epistemology 4.1.1. Materialist worldview Overall, Ton Trung Son's worldview is primarily materialism, expressed through the following points: Firstly, to Sun Yat-sen, the achievements of natural science are considered to be the basic factors contributing to the materialist conception of his natural world. The materialistic commentary of Sun Yat-sen on the natural world, like the origin of the universe, on the birth and development of the world, objective object as well as its nature, is not is an intuitive and naive speculation, which is an explanation based on the advanced knowledge of natural science. As a result, he made many very basic and correct interpretations of the basic issues of philosophy, namely: Discussing the category of "material" and "spiritual", the relationship between "Material" and "spiritual". Secondly, Ton Trung Son said that the movement of matter itself is the root cause leading to the continuous development and evolution of everything in the universe. This is different from the view of Newton and others who claim that the source of material movement comes from things that exist outside things or external forces. Not only that, based on the foundation of modern science, especially the "3 great innovations" (Theory of cells, The law of conservation and energy metabolism, Theory of evolution), Ton Trung Son used the latest achievements of natural sciences to argue about the very basic problems of the natural world, such as the appearance of the solar system, the formation of species and humans. 4.1.2. Dialectical thought Firstly, Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought contains many dialectical elements. He not only acknowledged all things, phenomena in the universe undergo continuous evolution from low to high, from simple to complex, but also acknowledged the physical forms in the movement process. transmut each other, interact with each other, and he also acknowledges the infinity of matter. For Ton Trung Son, the material world exists objectively and constantly evolves, continuously developing; nothing is most immutable, evolution and development are the basic principles of the universe. Secondly, Ton Trung Son's dialectical thought was also expressed when he discussed the relationship between matter and spirit. Sun Yat-sen had the right thought when asserting that although matter determines the mind, spirit also has a role to play back on matter. He acknowledged that the original nature of the universe was matter, the spirit was only the product of a certain stage in the process of material evolution. The evolution and development of the universe is the evolution and development of matter itself, which is nothing else that exists outside matter. The objective material world we live in is due to the material evolution that originated from the "extremes". After the Earth was formed, living matter (organic matter) appeared. After that, this material form also constantly evolved and developed. 4.1.3. Inheriting and developing materialist cognitive theory in Chinese philosophy Sun Yat-sen inherited many dialectical ideas of ancient Chinese philosophers, such as Wang Fu-chi's "pre-tri-post" thought, and at the same time applied the natural scientific knowledge, enriching the interior. using epistemology on the issue of "knowledge", overcoming the narrow interpretation of ancient Chinese philosophy on the issue of "tri" and "practice", overcoming the biased view in traditional notions: "Tri before operating after", "tri easy to practice difficult", "tri practice combined". Ton Trung Son was initially aware of the practical problem as the truth testing standard, "onions" is the purpose of awareness. It can be said that the theory of "tri nan lam tri" of Trung Trung Son basically contained materialism. It has a positive influence and has a certain contribution to the history of Chinese philosophical thought. 4.2. The value and meaning of Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought on the practices of Chinese revolution in the Near Period 4.2.1. The value and significance of Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought to the practice of the old-style democracy revolution in China Political and social ideas of Ton Trung Son have great value in successfully guiding revolutionary practices. In particular, the old three people and the new three people are the core ideology. The old triple nationalism successfully directed the Tan Hoi revolution to abolish the Qing dynasty and feudal empire. Triadism directed the Northern Penalties and the National Revolution against the reactionary forces, accelerated the process of revolution, and awakened the Chinese people. 4.2.2. The value and significance of Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought to the practice of the new type of democratic revolution in China The philosophy of Sun Yat-sen not only has implications for China's revolutionary career in the modern period, but also for China's social construction in the current period. Ethnic independence and equality also have a positive influence on the process of building a harmonious society. Because of his cause of national independence, national equality and national liberation, Ton Trung Son has constantly launched revolutionary struggle movements against imperialism and feudalism. Later, the Chinese Communist Party inherited Sun Yat-sen's ideology, persisted in fighting against imperialism and feudalism, eventually helping the Chinese people to be liberated. It can be said that Ton Trung Son has strived his whole life because of his career against the dictatorship and the expectation of turning China into a bourgeois republic of the Democratic Republic of China "the people, the people and the people ”, Popular civil rights practice. 4.3. Some limitations of the philosophy of Sun Yat-sen 4.3.1. Epistemological limitations Firstly, Ton Trung Son's theory of "tri nan lam tri" shows a relatively clear characteristic that is too