Tài liệu bồi dưỡng kiến thức Tiếng anh cho học sinh lớp 12

me to help him. B. He wanted to help him C. He advised me to help him. D. He promised to help him 3. “Please let me borrow your dictionary,” Tom said to me A. Tom asked me to let him borrow my dictionary. B. Tom asked me to borrow my dictionary. C. Tom asked me if I could let him borrow my dictionary. D. Tom asked me whether I would let him borrow my dictionary. 4. Peter said to them, “ Don’t leave the house until I come back” A. Peter told them not to leave the room until he came back. B. Peter told them not to leave the room until he comes back. C. Peter told them not to leave the room until they came back. D. Peter told them not to leave the room until they come back. 5. My sister said to me “ You are going to do the washing up, don’t forget.” A. My sister told me to do the washing up. B. My sister reminded me not to forget to do the washing up. C. My sister ordered me to do the washing up. D. My sister reminded me to do the washing up. 6. “If I were you, I would go to the doctor”. Minh said to Lan. A. Minh told Lan to become a doctor. B. Minh advised Lan to go to the doctor. C. Minh told Lan that he would to go to the doctor. D. Minh advised Lan not to go to the doctor. 7. “ Please wait for a minute” A. The man asked me to wait for a minute. B. The man asked me waiting for a minute. C. The man reminded me to wait for a minute. D. The man advised me to wait for a minute. 8. “Don’t forget to clean your teeth.” A. My mother told me not to forget to clean my teeth. B. My mother told me to not forget to clean your teeth. C. My mother told me not forget to clean my teeth. D. My mother said me not to forget to clean your teeth. 9. “ Would you like some coffee?”, Peter asked me. A. Peter asked me if I liked coffee. B. Peter offered to give me some coffee. C. Peter asked me to make some coffee. D. Peter, do you like coffee? 10. “ I’ll pay back the money, Gloria” said David A. David apologized to Gloria for borrowing her money. B. David offered to pay Gloria the money back. C. David promised to pay back Gloria’s money. D. David suggested paying back the money to Gloria. 11. “ You’d better not lend him any money, Mary” John said. A. John said Mary not to lend him any money. B. John said to Mary not lend him any money C. John advised Mary should not lend him any money D. John advised Mary not to lend him any money. 12. “ Would you like to come to my party , Sarah? asked Peter A. Peter invited Sarah to come to his birthday party. B. Peter asked if Sarah was able to come to his birthday party. C. Peter asked if Sarah liked his birthday party or not. D. Peter reminded Sarah of his coming birthday party. 13. “ If I were you , I would take the job,” said my room –mate. A. My room-mate was thinking about taking the job. B. My room-mate advised me to take the job. C. My room-mate introduced the idea of taking the job to me. D. My room-mate insisted on taking the job for me. D. REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUNDS. I. Presentation Eg. “I’m sorry I come late.” à I apologized for coming late. =>We use a gerund after some reporting verbs such as: suggest, admit, insist on, apologize for, accuse sb of , dream of, prevent sb from, deny, thank sb for, think of, look forward to. II. PRACTICE Exercise 7: Change the direct speech into reported speech. “It was nice of you to tell me. Thanks very much.” George thanked me for being nice to him “I’ll take you to the airport. I insist.” Tom insisted on driving me to the airport “So you’ve won a scholarship to study in the UK. Congratulations!” Tom congratulated me on winning a scholarship “You are selfish.” Jane accused Ann of being selfish/ her selfishness 5. “I always want to take trips to exotic places.” Jack always dreamt of taking trips to exotic places Exercise 8: Choose the most suitable reporting verb to complete the sentences 1. “ Would you like to go on a picnic with us?” he said. àHe …….. us to go on a picnic with them. A. advised B. ordered C. invited D. begged 2. “ Let’s go out for a walk, “ said Mary. àMary ….going out for a walk. A. admitted B. suggested C. insisted D. advised 3. “You should stop working and take a rest,” said the doctor. àThe doctor …..him to stop working and to take a rest. A. advised B. warned C. warned D. encouraged 4. “ I broke your vase yesterday,” the boy said to his mother. àThe boy……….having broken his mother’s vase the day before. A. denied B. admitted C. thought D. apologized 5. “ Don’t forget to go to the market after work,” said his wife. àShe ……..her husband to go to the supermarket after work. A. reminded B. asked C. ordered D. wanted 6. “If I were you , I would apply for the job,” said my friend. àMy friend ….me to apply for the job. A. promised B. advised C. wanted D. told 7. “ You had better go on a diet,” said my friend. àMy friend…me to go on a diet. A. persuaded B. planned C. advised D. demanded Exercise 9: Choose the best answer Jack asked me _____. A. where do you come from? B. where I had come from C. where I came from D. where did I come from? The doctor ____ him to take more exercise. A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling Claire told me that her father____ a race horse. A. owns B. owned C. owning D. was owning What did that man say ______? A. at you B. for you C. to you D. with you The builders have ______ that everything will be ready on time. A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising The doctor _______ him to take more exercise. A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling Yesterday, Laura ______ him to put some shelves up. A. asked B. is asking C. ask D. was asked Tom has ______ this story wasn’t completely true. A. admitting that B. was admitted that C. admitted that D. admit that I wonder _____ the tickets are on sale yet. A. what B. when C. where D. whether Mathew _____ Emma that her train was about to leave. A. has reminded B. has reminded that C. reminded D. reminded that Ann ______ and left. A. said goodbye to me B. says goodbye to me C. tell me goodbye D. told me goodbye I told you ______ to switch off the computer, didn’t I? A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not Bill was slow, so I ________ hurry up. A. tell him B. told him for C. told to D. told him to Someone ______ me there’s been an accident on the motorway. A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her _____. A. no worry B. not worry C. no to worry D. not to worry I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom_______. A. giving a hand B. gave a hand C. to give a hand D. give a hand Tom says that New York _______ more lively than London. A. is B. be C. was D. were “______the door”, he said. A. please open B. open pleased C. please to open D. please, opening The woman wonders _______ doing well at school. A. whether her children are B. if her children were C. whether her children were D. her children are if She advised me _______ an apple everyday to stay healthy. A. eating B. I should eat C. to eat D. please, eat “I’ll come with you as soon as _______” she replied. A. I was ready B. I am ready C. I ready D. am I ready? “_____ today as it was yesterday.” She remarked. A. it wasn’t so foggy B. it isn’t so foggy C. it hadn’t been so foggy D. it isn’t such foggy “I wish _____ eat vegetables”, he said. A. my children will B. my children would C. whether my children would D. my children must “I _____ late again”, she promised. A. I am not B. I won’t be C. I wouldn’t D. I was not late 32. The teacher advised him ______ harder. A. study B. to study C. study D. to have studied Exercise 10: Find out a mistake George couldn’t help me. He said me to ask Kate. A B C D Judy suggested to go for a walk, but no one else wanted to. A B C D I said that I had met her yesterday A B C D The man asked the boys why were they fighting. A B C D “I don’t usually drink milk when I was hungry ” Mrs. Pike said. A B C D 37.He asked how many people had I met during my holiday in France. A B C D TOPIC 6: Relative Clauses I. Relative Pronouns: We have the following relative pronouns in English Who, whom, whose, which and that. * Uses and functions 1. “Who” refers to person. It functions as a subject or an object in relative clauses E.g. - Subject : The man who is standing near the window is my best friend. - Object: She is an English teacher who I like best 2. “Whom” refers to person. It functions as an object in relative clauses. E.g: The girl whom I met yesterday is very beautiful. 3. “Whose” refers to possession: E.g: The house whose front door is blue is my sister’s. 4. “Which” refers to things. It functions as a subject or an object in relative clauses. E.g: - Subject: The pencil which is lying on the table is mine. - Object: The flowers which we cut this morning are still fresh. 5. “That” refers to person or thing. It functions as a subject or an object in relative clauses. E.g: + Subject: I don’t like the man that doesn’t tell the truth. The book that is on the table belongs to Peter. + Object: The doctor that she visited is my brother. The book that you gave me yesterday was very interesting. II. Relative adverbs: where,when,why “Where” refers to places, “when” refers to time, “why” refers to reason. Eg: I’ll never forget the day when / on which I met you. The town where/ in which Tom grew up is small. I didn’t know the reason why/ for which you left me. III. Relative clauses. Defining relative clauses. *Definition: A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun. Eg. The man who told me this refused to give me his name. The man whom (that) I met yesterday teaches chemistry. Non- defining relative clauses. *Definition: A clause of this kind merely add something to the noun by giving some more information about it. They are not essential in the sentence and can be omitted. They are separated from their noun by commas. Ex: Mr Lee, whom I met yesterday, teaches chemistry. My brother, who studies in America, married last week. Notes: THAT is not used in Non- defining relative clauses. Eg. She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted herself. Peter, who had been driving all day,suggested stopping at the next town. Exercise 1: Choose the best answer. 1. Nam is the only person_____________ understands me. A. which B. whom C. that D. whose 2.What was the name of the people_____________ car had broken down? A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 3.The party_____________ we went to wasn’t very enjoyable. A. who B. when C. that D. where 4.Have you seen the money_____________ was on the table? A. who B. whom C. where D. which 5.I can’t remember the name of the person_____________ I gave the money. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 6. The musician is a person_____________ plays a musical instrument. A. that B. which C. when D. whom 7. This is my new watch, _____________ I bought in the same shop as you did. A. whose B. whom C. that D. which 8. I have a chair _____________ leg is broken. A. whose B. who C. which D. that 9.Jim was wearing a hat_____________ was too big for him. A. where B. what C. which D. why 10.Vegetarian is someone _____________ doesn’t eat meat. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 11. Tom’s father, _____________ is 78, goes swimming everyday. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 12. Nam passed his driving test, _____________ surprised everybody. A. whom B. which C. whose D. who 13. A friend of mine, _____________ father is the manager of a company, helps me to get a job. A. whom B. which C. whose D. who IV. Relative pronouns with prepositions - In formal English the preposition is placed before the relative pronoun, which must then be put into the form Whom/Which e.g: The man to whom I spoke is my teacher. - In informal speech, however, it is more usual to move the preposition to the end of the clause( often after the verb). Whom then is often replaced by That e.g: The man who/whom I spoke to is my teacher. or The man that I spoke to is my teacher. The ladder which/that I was standing on began to slip. - When the preposition is a part of a phrasal verb, it can not be placed before the relative pronoun. e.g: This is the book which I’m looking for. That is the child whom you have to look after. Note: With the preposition without, we can not place it after the relative pronoun e.g: That is the man without whom we’ll get lost. Exercise 2: Choose the most appropriate answer A, B, C or D that best completes each sentence. 1. London is the city in _____________ I was born. A. where B. which C. That D. there 2. The novel ‘Tom Sawyer’, _____________ written by Mark Twain, is my all time favourite. A. that B. what C. who D. which 3. Yesterday she had to do a difficult English test for_____________ she did not prepare. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 4. In recent years Vietnamese students have learnt many foreign languages, of _____________ English is clearly the most popular. A. that B. those C. which D. what 5.Haywood is the village_____________ A. in which I was born B. which I was born C. where I was born in D.which I was born there 6. Mr. Brown is the landlord_____________ we rent the house. A. who B. whom C. from who D. from whom V. Omission of relative pronouns. - When the relative pronoun is the Object of the verb, it can be omitted. e.g: The man who I want to see was away on holiday. => The man I want to see was away on holiday. Have you found the keys that you lost? => Have you found the keys you lost? The dress which Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. => The dress Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. Note: Whose is not used in this case Exercise: Decide whether the relative pronouns must be used or not. Tick the box if the relative pronoun is necessary, or cross (x) the box if the relative is not necessary I still remember the man that we met at the airport the other day. The watch which is in the bathroom belongs to Thanh. The cinema which we went to last month is closed now. The old lady who you helped in the railway station yesterday is my neighbor. Ms Kim Anh, who you talked with yesterday, will be our History teacher next semester. My sister Minh, whom I helped to install her computer, always forgot her password. A person that you don’t trust won’t trust you either. The school librarian, who I haven’t seen for some days , has retired. I’ll buy the CD which they displayed at the music shop yesterday. The man who is playing chess with my father is my uncle. 1.x 2.v 3.x 4.x 5.v 6.v 7.x 8.v 9.x 10.v VI. Reduced relative clauses 1. Relative clauses replaced by Present participles. Eg: The people who are taking photos over there come from Swedden. ð The people taking photos over there come from Swedden. This clause usually has an active meaning. 2. Relative clauses replaced by past participles . Eg: The boy who was given a present is my son. The boy given a present is my son. This clause usually has a passive meaning. 3. Relative clauses replaced by “to-Infinitives” Eg: Neil Amstrong was the first person who landed on the moon. ð Neil Amstrong was the first person to land on the moon. Relative clauses replaced by “to-infinitive” are often used after structures such as : the first, the second, the last, the only... Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences, using the participles 1. The man who teaches my son is my friend. ->……………………………………………………………..…………………………… 2. The street which leads to the school is very wide. ->…………………………………………………………………………………..……… 3. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980. ->……………………………………………………………..…………………………… 4. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm. ->………………………………………………………..………………………………… 5. The computers which are used here are very old. ->……………………………………………………………………..…………………… 6. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London. ->…………………………………………………………………….……………………… 7. That is the news which surprised us most. ->…………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. They’ve just delivered the goods that were ordered last week. ->…………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. There are some children who are playing in the backyard of the house. ->………………………………………………………………………………………….… Exercise 4: Rewrite the following sentences using “to-infinitive’ 1. John was the last person who left the room. ->…………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I want to buy some postcards which I can send to my friends. ->………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 3. I don’t have anything new that I can tell you today. ->…………………………………………………………………………………….…..… 4. He was the last man that was interviewed yesterday. ->…………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Here is a test that must be finished right now. ->……………………………………………………………………….…………………… 6. The man was the second person who was killed in this way. ->………………………………………………………………………………………...… Exercise 5: Choose one sentence that is most similar in meaning to the original one. 1. There are a lot of people. The people like to do things together. A. There are a lot of people who like to do things together. B. There are a lot of people who like do things together. C. There are a lot of people whom like to do things together. D. There are a lot of people like to do things together. 2. Sue lives in a house. The house is opposite my house. A. Sue lives in a house which is opposite my house. B. Sue lives in a house who is opposite my house. C. Sue lives in a house where is opposite my house. D. Sue lives in a house and which is opposite my house. 3. People’s carelessness can cause forest fires. They are dangerous. A. People’s carelessness can cause forest fires are dangerous. B. People’s carelessness can cause forest fires which is dangerous. C. People’s carelessness can cause forest fires is dangerous. D. People’s carelessness can cause forest fires which are dangerous. 4. It was a great summer. I’ll never forget that summer. A. It was a great summer that I’ll never forget . B. It was a great summer I’ll never forget . C. It was a great summer of which I’ll never forget. D. It was a great summer of that I’ll never forget. 5. I received a letter this morning. It really upset me. A. I received a letter this morning really upset me. B. I received a letter this morning in which really upset me. C. I received a letter this morning which really upset me. D. I received a letter this morning of which really upset me. 6. The table should be repaired. It’s legs were broken yesterday. A. The table which legs were broken yesterday should be repaired B. The table whose legs were broken yesterday should be repaired. C. The table of which legs were broken yesterday should be repaired D. The table legs of whose were broken yesterday should be repaired 7. Do you remember the girl? We talked to her last night. A. Do you remember the girl to who we talked last night ? B. Do you remember the girl whom we talked to her last night ? C. Do you remember the girl whom we talked to last night ? D. Do you remember the girl whose we talked to last night? 8. The student is very high. His father is an athlete. A. The student whose father is an athlete is very high B. The student his father is an athlete is very high C. The student who father is an athlete is very high D. The student of whom father is an athlete is very high 9. We stayed at the hotel. He recommended it A. We stayed at the hotel which recommended it B. We stayed at the hotel which recommended C. We stayed at the hotel he recommended D. He recommended the hotel which we stayed at 10. The restaurant was very modern. We had lunch at the restaurant. A. The restaurant where we had lunch was very modern. B. The restaurant which we had lunch was very modern. C. The restaurant that we had lunch was very modern. D. The restaurant where we had lunch at was very modern. Exercise 6: Identify the mistake by choosing A, B, C or D. 1. Bill went to class late, that was unusual for him A B C D 2. A person who study science is a scientist A B C D 3. The picture painting by my brother was bought by a foreigner. A B C D 4. The story to that I listened yesterday was very interesting A B C D 5. He’s the man that his novel won the Nobel Prize last year A B C D 6. I don’t know the reason what he wanted to leave his home country. A B C D 7. She always wears clothes are made by a famous fashion designer. A B C D 8. Hai phong is the place which I grew up between the age of two and ten. A B C D 9. My father, that has a special craze for cars, has just bought another sport car A B C D 10. Earnes Hamwi, who invention of the ice-cream cone brought him a lot of money, was a pastry vendor. A B C D 11. Marilyn Monroe, who a famous actress, died of drug overdose. A B C D 12. Hawaii, which is part of a group of islands, that has active volcanoes A B C D Exercise 7: Choose the best option by circling A, B, C or D I have to announce that the manager can’t attend our party today, …. is a pity. A. that B. who C. which D. what 2. Yesterday I met your brother, …had taken us to the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York A. who B. whom C. whose D. that 3.The secretary … I talked to didn’t know where the meeting was. A. which B. whose C. when D. whom 4.The children, …parents work late , are taken home by bus. A. that B. whose C. their D. whom 5.The boy …eyes are brown is my friend. A. whose B. that C. which D. whom 6. He will take us to the town … we can see old temples A. whom B. when C. which D. where 7. I took the damaged watch to my watch maker … knows how to repair it. A. which B. where C. whose D. who 8.That’s the house …he used to stay. A. which B. of which C. in which D. on which 9. This house, …he bought in 1990, is being repaired at the moment. A. which B. that C. what D. who 10. Yesterday was the day …they celebrated their 21st wedding anniversary. A. then B. that C. what D. when 11. I think the reason …we get on o well is that we both enjoy talking. A. why B. for that C. what D. which 12. The boy …in the accident was taken to the hospital. A. injured B. injures C. injuring D. injure 13.The man … on the plane talked all the time. A. who I am sitting next to C. that I was sitting next to B. that I was sitting next to him D. who I was sitting next to him 14. The party, …I was invited last week, was extremely enjoyable. A. by which B. to which C. at which D. for which 15. This is the best play ….I have ever seen. A. which B. what C. whom D. that 16. …told me this refused to give his name. A. The man whom B. The man whom was C. The man who was D. The man who 17. “Is April 21st the day ….?” “ No, the twenty second”. A. you’ll arrive then B. when you’ll arrive C. on that you’ll arrive D. when you’ll arrive on 18. The picnic was postponed, …due to the bad weather. A. which B. that C. whose D. what 19. I was happy during the years … I lived with my parents. A. which B. when C. where D. that 20. Bob is the kind of person to… one can talk about anything. A. who B. whom C. him D. that 21. Is this the address to… you want this package sent? A. which B. where C. whom D. that 22. Ann failed her exam,… surprised everyone. A. which B. who C. that is D. that 23. All the people… have gone into the room are still young. A. whose B. who C. whom D. what 24.The girl … behind you is my sister. A. stands B. stood C. is standing D. standing 25. The lady…in blue is her aunt. A. dresses B. dressed C. is dressing D. dressing 26. Do you know the hotel__________ ? A. at which she is staying B. where she is staying C. she is staying at D. all are correct 27. The bike __________ is very modern. A. I told you about which B. about I told you which C. which about I told you D. about which I told you Keys Exercise 1 1.C 2.D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. C Exercise 2 1.B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D Exercise 3 1. The man teaching my son is my friend. 2. The street leading to the school is very wide. 3. We are driving on the road built in 1980. 4 . I saw many houses destroyed by the storm. 5. The computer used here are very old. 6. Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London. 7. That is the news surprised us most. 8. They’ve just delivered the goods ordered last week. 9. There are some children playing in the backyard of the house. Exercise 4 John was the la