Thuật ngữ cho tiếng anh Điện - Điện tử

rence of electric potential between two points of a conducting wire carrying a constant current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between these points is equal to 1 watt Vôn (đơn vị điện thế và sức điện động) 14 The ohm Electrical resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant difference of potential between these two points produces in the conductor a current of 1 ampere Ôm (đơn vị điện trở) 15 The coulomb Quantity of electricity transported in 1 second by a current of 1 ampere Culông UNIT 4 ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POWER ELECTRIC CIRCUIT No Terms Definition 1 In series Way of connecting components “end to end”, so that the current flows through each in turn Mắc nối tiếp 2 Configuration Arrangement of part Sắp xếp bộ phận 3 In parallel Components connected so that each receives the full voltage at the same time, with part of the current flowing each in turn Mắc song song 4 Kinetic relating to motion: relating to, caused by, or producing motion (thuộc) chuyển động 5 Potential Possible; that might exist Tiềm năng, có khả năng 6 Reciprocal The value obtained by dividing a number into 1, as in… Nghịch đảo 7 Circuit A network with at least one part that can be closed Mạch 8 Friction Force that tries to stop one thing moving over or through another Lực ma sát 9 Loop A simple closed connection, part of a network or circuit Vòng dây (mạch kín) 10 Conductance Reciprocal of resistance Trở kháng 11 The principle of the conversion of energy Energy can be transformed or transmitted into one system to another but the total value of the energy before and after the transformation is always the same Định luật bảo toàn năng lượng: 12 Kinetic energy The energy possessed by a mass by virtue of its motion Động năng 13 Potential energy Energy which a system possesses by virtue of the relative position of its parts or its configuration Thế năng 14 Translation The process of moving something from one place to another Sự chuyển dịch 15 By virtue of Do, theo 16 Opposite sign Trái dấu 17 Power The amount of energy transformed or transmitted per unit of time Công suất 18 Passage of electrons A flow of electrons through a circuit Dòng electron 19 Joule’s law P = R.I2 The heat energy produced in a unit of time is proportional to the resistance and to the square of the current Định luật Jun: Nhiệt năng sinh ra trong một đơn vị thời gian tỉ lệ thuận với điện trở và tỉ lệ nghịch với bình phương cương độ dòng điện 20 The power loss The electric power that changed into heat Công hao phí 21 Voltage drop The difference of potential across the terminals of the wire Sự giảm thế 22 Conductance a measure of the ability of an object or substance to transmit electricity, expressed as the reciprocal of resistance Độ dẫn điện 23 Kirchhoff’s first law In an electric network, the algebraic sum of the current that meet at a junction point is zero Trong một mạng điện, tổng đại số của dòng điện tại điểm nút bằng 0 Định luật 1 Kirchhoff 24 Kirchhoff’s second law The sum of the products of current and resistances in each part of any closed loop in a network is equal to the algebraic sum of the electromotive forces in that loop Định luật 2 Kirchhoff UNIT 5 ELECTROCHEMISTRY- ELECTROLYSIS PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CELLS ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE No Term Explanation 1 Electrochemistry A branch of chemistry that studies chemical change associated with electrons and electricity Điện hóa học 2 Electrolysis The conduction of electricity through sth melted or dissolved in order to induce decomposition of the melted or dissolved chemical into its components Sự điện phân 3 Electromotive force A force that causes the flow of electricity from one point to another Suất điện động 4 Electrolyte A chemical compound that separates into ions in a solution or when molten, and is able to conduct electricity Chất, dung dịch điện phân 5 Electrode A conductor through which electricity enters or leaves sth such as a battery or a piece of electrical equipment Điện cực 6 Anode The positive electrode in an electrolytic cell Điện cực dương 7 Cathode The negative electrode in an electrolytic cell Điện cực âm 8 Dissociate Split sth into simpler parts Tách, phân ra 9 Electrolytic dissociation Sự phân li chất điện phân 10 Liberate To release sth such as gas from combination in a chemical compound during a chemical reaction Giải phóng 11 Deposit To cover Phủ vào 12 Electroplate Coat a surface with a metal (usually silver) by electrolysis Mạ 13 Soluble Able to dissolved in another substance Có thể hòa tan 14 Metallic conduction Dẫn điện kim loại 15 Electronic conduction Dẫn điện điện tử 16 Convection effect Hiệu ứng đối lưu 17 Primary cell An electrical cell that uses an irreversible chemical reaction to generate electricity and can not be recharged Pin sơ cấp 18 Secondary cell An electric cell in which electricity is produced by a reversible chemical reaction. Therefore, it is rechargeable and able to store electrical energy. Pin thứ cấp 19 Displacement Moved from one place to another Sự dịch chuyển 20 Fused Melted, made into liquid by heat Nóng chảy 21 Accumulator Storage cell Awcsqui có thể nạp, sạc 22 Reverse- type cell Primary cell that may be activated by the addition of an electrolyte Pin dự trữ, pin đảo chiều 23 Fuel cell Cell that produces electricity by the oxidation of a fuel used in space vehicles Pin nhiên liệu 24 Dilute Mixed with water Pha loãng 25 Battery Two or more cells connected in series or in parallel Pin 26 Inter- conversion The mutual conversion from between 2 things Chuyển đổi, trao đổi 27 Medium Sth used to achieve sth else Substances through which force, etc passes Phương tiện, môi trường 28 Voltaic Pertaining to electricity produced by chemical action or by surface contact and friction 29 Aqueous Watery Thuộc về nước 30 Table salt Fine salt suitable for use on food that has been served out Muối ăn 31 Regenerate Form again Tái tạo, khôi phục 32 Electrochemical equivalent The mass of a substance deposited from solution by one coulomb of electric charge Đương lượng hóa học 33 Spongy lead Chì xốp 34 Distill To purify a liquid by boiling it and then condensing its vapor, or undergo purification in this way Chưng cất 35 Distilled water Nước cất 36 Reduction A chemical reaction that brings about a gain in hydrogen, a loss of oxygen or an increase in electrons Sự khử 37 Oxidation The process of losing electrons from a chemical element or compound Sự oxi hóa 38 Redox reaction Phản ứng oxi hóa khử UNIT 6 ELECTROSTATICS- ELECTRIC FIELDS- CAPACITOR No Term Explanation 1 Vector A physical quantity for which we must state a direction to define it completely Vec-tơ 2 Disproportionate charge A charge of unsuitable proportions Điện tích không phù hợp 3 Farad Unit of capacitance Đơn vị điện dung 4 Capacitor Device that gives capacitance , usually consisting of conducting plates Tụ điện 5 Capacitance The ability of a substance to store an electric charge The ratio between charge and potential difference: C= Q/ V Điện dung 6 Neglect Take no account of, disregard Bỏ qua 7 Equipotential No potential difference between any 2 points of conducting body Đẳng thế 8 Polarization charges Charges on the surfaces of an insulator Điện tích phân cực 9 Electric field A space in the stressed condition Region around an electric charge in which an electric force is exerted on another charge Điện trường 10 Electrostatics The study of the behavior of electricity when it is static Tĩnh điện học 11 Electric field strength The force exerted by the field on an unit positive charge at that point Cường độ điện trường 12 Dielectric constant Hằng số điện môi 13 Relative permittivity Hằng số điện môi tương đối 14 Adjacent Situated near or close to sth or each other, especially without touching Gần kề, lân cận 15 Impregnate Saturate material: To incorporate a chemical into a porous material such as wood or cloth, especially by soaking it thoroughly with a liquid Giấy tẩm hóa chất 16 Resultant Tổng hợp 17 Insulated conducting body Vật dẫn điện cô lập 18 Nullify To make sth invalid or ineffective Hủy bỏ, làm cho vô hiệu 19 Offset Counterbalance Đối trọng 20 Coefficient A numerical constant that is a measure of a property of a substance Hệ số 21 Impedance (Z) The opposition in an electrical circuit the flow of alternating current, consisting of resistance and reactance Trở kháng No Term Definition 1 Ferromagnetic material Material is of only iron, cobalt, and nickel and some of their alloys. vật liệu sắt từ 2 Paramagnetic material Elements and metals have slight magnetic properties. vật liệu thuận từ 3 Diamagnetic materials Materials have magnetic properties less than those of a vacuum. vật liệu ngịch từ 4 Electron spin Each electron is spinning about an axis through its centre Spin electron 5 Iron filings Small piece of iron that removed by the file from a piece of iron. mạ sắt 6 Axis An imaginary line about which a body rotates trục 7 Alignment Being in line. sự sắp xếp 8 Shells Imaginary spheres around the nucleus on the surface of which groups of electron may be considered to obit. Khung hộp 9 Former A shaped frame. Khuôn 10 Turn One of the complete rings of wire which together make a coil. vòng UNIT 7 MAGNETISM Unit 8 Magnetic flux- Permeability- Magnetic circuits- Induced electromotive force- Self and mutual inductances No Term Explanation Meaning 1 Line of flux An endless lines of induction that represent direction and the flow at any point từ thông 2 Tube of flux The tube of flux being any closed tube that is bounded by the lines of flux bó từ 3 Magnetic reluctance The resistance to the passage of magnetic flux từ trở 4 Flux density The flux per unit area mật độ từ thông 5 Indefinitely increased Increased with no fixed limit tăng vô hạn 6 Hysteresis Delay in the production in the elastic and magnetic behavior of matter hiện tượng trễ từ 7 Coercive force The strength of the magnetic field needed to demagnetize a given substance từ kháng 8 Toroid The surface generated by the revolution of a plane closed curve about an axis lying in its plane which does not intersect it hình vòng xuyến 9 Plotting Preparing a curve or a graph of the two values vẽ đồ thị 10 A portion at a time Portion by portion từng phần một 11 Induction The magnetic flux per unit area of a section normal to the direction of flux. Measured in Gauss, in the system of units. Cảm ứng 12 Permeability The quality or state of being permeable Độ thấm từ 13 Ferromagnetic materials A material whose permeability is very much larger than 1 (from 60 to several thousand times 1), and which exhibits hysteresis phenomena Chất liệu sắt từ 14 Magnetization curves The value of B is deduced from experimental curves obtained by plotting the flux density B against the field strength H. Đường từ hóa 15 Point of magnetic saturation The density B approaches an upper limit when H is indefinitely increased Điểm bão hòa từ 16 Saturation The condition under which all elementary magnetic moments have become oriented in one direction. A ferromagnetic material is saturated when an increase in the applied magnetizing force produces no increase in induction. Saturation flux densities for steels are in the range of 16,000 to 20,000 Gauss. Bão hòa 17 Residual flux density The magnetic flux density that remains in a ferromagnetic material when H has been reduced to zero. Mật độ từ thông còn dư 18 Magnetomotive force Analogous to voltage in electrical circuits, this is the magnetic potential difference between any two points. Xuất từ động 19 Reluctance Analogous to resistance in an electrical circuit, reluctance is related to the magnetomotive force, F, and the magnetic flux by the equation R = F/(Magnetic Flux), paralleling Ohm's Law where F is the magnetomotive force (in cgs units). Từ trở 20 Electromagnetic induction The phenomenon of a variation in the value of the magnetic flux gives rise to an electromotive force in the circuit. 21 Magnetic flux The total magnetic induction over a given area. When the magnetic induction, B, is uniformly distributed over an area A, Magnetic Flux = BA. Đường sức từ 22 Self-inductance Induction in a circuit due to the action of one portion of a current upon an adjacent portion during periods of varying current strength Hiện tượng tự cảm 23 Mutual inductance Inductance measured in circuit: a measure of the change in the electromotive force of a circuit caused by a change in the current flowing through an associated circuit. It is given as the ratio of the electromotive force induced to the rate of current change producing it. Hiện tượng Hỗ cảm 24 Residual induction This is the point at which the hysteresis loop crosses the B axis at zero magnetizing force, and represents the maximum flux output from the given magnet material. By definition, this point occurs at zero air gap, and therefore cannot be seen in practical use of magnet materials. Độ cảm ứng từ dư 25 Magnetic circuit An assembly consisting of some or all of the following: permanent magnets, ferromagnetic conduction elements, air gaps, electrical currents. Mạch từ 26 Leakage flux That portion of the magnetic flux that is lost through leakage in the magnetic circuit due to saturation or air-gaps, and is therefore unable to be used. Từ thông rò 27 Hysteresis loop A closed curve obtained for a material by plotting corresponding values of magnetic induction, B, (on the abscissa) against magnetizing force, H, (on the ordinate). Vòng từ trễ 28 Flux The condition existing in a medium subjected to a magnetizing force. This quantity is characterized by the fact that an electromotive force is induced in a conductor surrounding the flux at any time the flux changes in magnitude. dòng Unit 9 DIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS AND MOTORS No Terms English Vietnamese 1 Conversion Changing Sự chuyển đổi 2 Torque The agency producing or tending to produce torsion Moment lực 3 Mounted (on sth) Fixed, positioned Gắn lên 4 Wedge An object the side of which is similar in shape to an isosceles triangle with an apex of less than 60o Cái chốt 5 Clamping flanges A projecting edge being fasten tightly for strengthening or attachment purposes Kẹp đàn hồi 6 Segment On of a series of separable parts which together form the whole Đoạn 7 Spider The central part of the armature core Đế hình sao 8 Angle of shift Angle through which the brushes must be moved to change their position Góc nâng 9 Yoke A joining or coupling element Bệ đựng nam châm 10 Isosceles Triangle A triangle in which two of the sides are conguent (equal) Tam giác cân 11 Apex The tip, top, point, or angular summit of anything Đỉnh cao nhất 12 Armature One of the two principal electrical components of an electromechanical machine--a motor or generator Cảm ứng 13 Field structure Khung cảm ứng 14 Commutation When a commutator segment passes under a brush, the current in the armature conductor connected with it must reverse from a given value in one direction to the same value in the opposite. Đảo mạch 15 Iron laminate Iron material constructed by uniting two or more layers of material together Lá thép mỏng 16 Pole shoe Má cực 17 Pole face Mặt cực 18 Coaxial Two or more forms share a common axis Đồng trục 19 Field coil Cuộn từ 20 Exciting current Is that which flows in any winding used to excite the transformer when all other windings are open-circuit. Dòng kích 21 Self-excited Excited by field current supplied from its own armature Tự kích 22 Commutator An electrical switch that periodically reverses the current in an electric motor or electrical generator Bộ góp 23 Brush Are general made of grapitized carbon Chổi quét, chổi than 24 Brush holder A structure in which a brush can slide in a direction perpendicular to the moving surface of a motor, generator, or other device.  Kẹp chổi than 25 Spring pressure Nén lò xo 26 Dynamo A generator, especially one for producing direct current. Máy đinamô 27 Slot A narrow opening; a groove or slit Rãnh,khía 28 Self inductance The ratio of the magnetic flux to the current is called the inductance, or more accurately self-inductance of the circuit. Tự cảm 29 Mutual inductance When an e.m.f is produced in a coil because of the change in current in a coupled coil , the effect is called mutual inductance. Hỗ cảm 30 Commutator segment Đoạn đổi nối 31 Sparking The luminous phenomenon resulting from a disruptive discharge through an insulating material. Đánh tia lửa 32 Interpole Cực trung gian,cực từ phụ 33 Non-inductive armature coil Lõi phần ứng không điện cảm 34 Cyclindrical core Lõi hình trụ 35 Electromagnetic induction Phenomena in which a change of magnetic field induces an electric field or electromotive force (EMF); the basis of the electric generator. Cảm ứng điện từ 36 Slip ring A method of making an electrical connection through a rotating assembly Vòng mỏng83 37 Alternator An electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy. Máy phát điện9 xoay chiều 38 Stator The stationary part of an electric generator or electric motor. Xtato,phần tĩnh trong máy phát điện 39 Synchronous motor Its rotor spinning at the same rate as the oscillating field which drives it Động cơ đồng bộ 40 Energizer A device that supplies electrical energy Thiết bị cung cấp năng lượng, pin energizer 41 Exciter An outboard effects device that uses phase manipulation and harmonic distortion to produce high-frequency enhancement of a signal. Bộ kích thích 42 Inductor A passive electronic component that depends on frequency . A tool used to store energy in the form of Magnetic Field . Inductor is made from a conducting straight wire wrapped around itself several turns Phần cảm điện 43 Wiper Contact consisting of a conducting arm that rotates over a series of fixed contacts and comes to rest on an outlet Cần gạt 44 Induced current Dòng điện cảm ứng 45 Energized current Dòng điện hoạt động mạnh 46 Field current Dòng điện trường 47 Spinner Máy quay 48 Shunt dc generator A rotating electric machine that converts mechanical power into dc power with the method of connecting field windings in parallel with the armature. The shunt DC motor is commonly used because of its excellent speed regulation Máy phát một chiều mắc sơn 49 Tandem An arrangement of two or more persons or objects placed one behind the other Mắc cái trước cái sau 50 Single phase generator Máy phát một pha 51 Flywheel magneto Man nét tô bánh đà 52 Three-phase power system Hệ thống năng lượng 3 pha Unit 10 TRANSFORMERS No Term Explanation Translation 1 Static transformer A device which transforms low-voltage energy into high-voltage energy or vice versa. Máy biến thế tĩnh 2 Luminous charge/discharge tube A form of lamp in which the light is obtained from an electric discharge between two electrodes in a glass tube containing gas at low temperature Đèn huỳnh quang 3 X ray equipment Thiết bị tia X 4 Insulated copper wire Dây đồng bọc cách điện 5 Laminated iron core Lõi thép lá 6 Primary winding The winding to which an AC supply is connected Cuộn sơ cấp 7 Secondary winding The winding to which the load is connected Cuộn thứ cấp 8 Turn Vòng dây 9 No-load operation The case when the primary winding is connected to an a.c supply with the secondary winding open Chế độ hoạt động không tải 10 Reactance coil Choking coil Cuộn dây điện kháng 11 Exciting current Dòng điện kích thích 12 Full-load current Dòng điện toàn tải 13 Hysteresis A delayed response by an object to changes in the magnetic forces acting on it Từ trễ 14 Eddy current An electric current set up by an alternating magnetic field Dòng Phuco 15 Varying flux density Mật độ từ thông biến đổi 16 Load current Dòng điện (phụ) tải 17 Leakage flux Từ thông rò 18 Voltage drop The reduction in voltage in an electrical circuit between the source and load Điện áp rơi, sự sụt áp 19 Leakage-reactance Điện kháng rò 20 Equivalent circuit The simplest form of a passive circuit that retains all of the electrical characteristics of the original (and more complex) circuit. Mạch tương đương 21 Transformer-equivalent circuit Mạch tương đương với máy biến thế 22 True transformer Máy biến thế thật 23 Iron loss The loss is due to a variety of mechanisms related to the fluctuating magnetic field, such as eddy currents and hysteresis. Tổn hao sắt 24 Copper loss the losses due to resistance in the conductors of the windings Tổn hao đồng 25 Deteriorate Break down, become less efficient Bị hỏng 26 Dry natural cooled transformer Biến áp khô làm mát tự nhiên 27 Dry force-air cooled transformer Biến áp khô làm mát bằng khí 28 Oil-immersed self-cooled transformer Biến áp dầu tự làm mát 29 Oil-immersed forced-air cooled transformer Biến áp dầu làm mát bằng khí 30 Oil-immersed water cooled transformer Biến áp dầu làm mát bằng nước 31 Lamination The thin sheet of metal used to make up the core of an iron-core transformer Thép lá 32 Autotransformer A transformer that does not change the value of voltage Biến áp tự ngẫu 33 Induced voltage The kind of voltage produced across the secondary winding of any transformer Điện áp cảm ứng 34 Turns ratio The number of turns of wire of a transformer’s secondary winding compared to the number of primary-winding turns Tỉ số vòng dây 35 Schematic Containing only the essentials, brief Sơ đồ, lược đồ 36 Be omitted from consideration Be neglected, be not considered Bỏ qua 37 Grade Type, quality Mức, loại, cấp 38 Step-up transformer The transformer which transform a lower voltage to a higher one Máy tăng thế 39 Step-down transformer The transformer which transform a higher voltage to a lower one Máy hạ thế UNIT 11 THE PROBLEM OF MEASUREMENT ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS No Term Explanation 1 Angular response Phản hồi góc 2 Auxiliary circuit Mạch phụ 3 Calibration Relation between the respond of the instrument and the quantities causing the respond. Thang đo, bảng quy chuẩn 4 Deflection The movement of a structure or a part of a structure when it is bearing a load. Lệch 5 Degree of precision Độ chính xác 6 Electrical measuring instrument Thiết bị đo điện 7 Error Differences between the correct result and that obtained. Sai số 8 Equilibrium Point of balance of rest. Trang thái cân bằng 9 Fixed scale Thang cố định 10 Full- wave 2 nửa chu kì 11 Four- element bridge- type rectifier Bộ chỉnh lưu mạch cầu bốn đi- ốt 12 Hairsprings The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece. 13 Indicator ( pointer) An instrument or gauge that measures sth and registers the measurement. Kim chỉ 14 Jewel cups Ổ chân kính (giảm ma sát để kết quả đo chính xác) 15 Moving coil Cuộn chuyển động 16 Multiplier Điện kế nhân 17 Pivot A pin, shaft, or point on which something turns Trục 18 Reaction Tương tác 19 Sensing element An element that can detect Bộ phận cảm ứng 20 Shunt Resistor or conductor connected in parallel with another device Mắc sơn 21 Spring A resilient metal coil that will store energy when compressed and release energy when returning to its original shape. Use: for cushioning, in clockwork Lò xo 22 Spindle A thin cylindrical rod which serves a an axis of rotation or itself rotate Trục 23 Thermocouple A device for measuring temperature in which 2 wires of different metals are joined. The potential difference between the wires is a measure of the temperature of sth they touch. Cặp nhiệt điện 24 Turn in bearing Quay theo trục 25 Vane A thin surface that can be detected Cánh quạt 26 Galvanometer An instrument used to detect or measure the strength and direction of small electric current by mean of a coil in a magnetic field that moves a pointer or light. 27 Voltmeter An instrument measuring voltages or a voltage sensitive device. An instrument calibrated in volts that measure the electromotive force or potential difference between 2 points in a circuit. Vôn kế 28 Ammeter An instrument measuring electrical current or a current sensitive device Ampe kế 29 Ohmmeter An instrument measuring electrical resistance Ôm kế 30 Wattmeter Instrument measuring electrical power Oát kế 31 Electricity meter An instrument