Publishing human resource development in vietnam in the integration trend

on trend. In terms of research methods, the thesis applies the method of interviewing experts or questionnaires through online real pictures or over the internet with the application of social networks. This is a form of investigation that reduces the cost and time spent in collecting primary data. 7 6. Theoretical and practical significances of the thesis Theoretical significances: Supplementing and systematizing theoretical basis for the PHR development in Vietnam in the context of integration. New concepts are introduced and used such as information technology editor, publication manager and THR, contributing to enriching the theory of PHR, especially in the integration context. Practical significances: - Analyzing the current state of PHR in Vietnam and international experiences. - Raising several solutions and recommendations on PHR development in the integration trend in accordance with the political and cultural conditions and contexts in Vietnam. 7. Layout of the thesis In addition to the introduction, appendices, research documents, the content of the thesis includes 4 chapters: Chapter I. Literature review Chapter II. Theoretical and practical basis for publishing human resource development in Vietnam in the integration trend Chapter III. Current situation of publishing human resource development in Vietnam Chapter IV. Some solutions and perspectives on publishing human resource development in Vietnam in the integration trend Chapter I LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1. Domestic literature review 1.1.1. Researches on human resource development In recent years, the researches on HRD has focused on the following directions: Research on developing the concept of HQHR with new terms such as: Intellectual human resources, knowledge human resources, knowledge team, scientific team, ... with the concept "HQHR is HR with ethical qualities, professional qualifications and ability to adapt and innovate" [29, p.18, 19]. However, in terms of concepts, researches have almost not mentioned the concept HQHR associated with the digital economy. Regarding HRD, the author Nguyen Thi Lan Huong asserted that "HRD is 8 an increase in human values in terms of morality, intelligence, skills, fitness, soul,... making people become laborers with new higher capacities and qualities and at the same time allocating, using and contributing to the highest efficiency in economic growth”. Thus, with the above concept, there are 2 aspects of HRD: Forming HR and using HR or in other words, HR has supply-demand characteristics in the labor market. The above researches approach the concept of HR based on the human capital theory in terms of HR improving production capacity, increasing the quantity and quality of HR by creating jobs and diversified HR structures; the quality of HR is assessed through training to improve professional qualifications, professional skills and creativity. However, the researches have not gone into the details of the nature of HR quality, which is to increase individual capacity through 3 groups of factors: Knowledge; Skill; Attitude. In the connotation of "human capital", HR also carries exchange value in the labor market, which has not been specifically mentioned by researches in the process of forming the labor market in the integration trend. In the research of author Le Thi Hong Diep, she affirmed that: University development is an important factor in HQHR development with experiences such as public universities, local universities, community universities. Her research also showed that the liberal education model with American experience is "freeing people from rigid ideas that have taken root in them". 1.1.2. Researches on publishing and publishing human resources development The thesis has gone into research, providing many concepts and terms such as: What is publishing? For this term, the authors offer a variety of perspectives. From an editorial perspective “Publishing is the editorial outsourcing activity of the work, making it relevant to the needs of its readers"[82]. Researches also deliver the concept of "editing" in a broad sense, in which "editing is an activity that involves exploiting, selecting works for printing, duplicating and contributing to the modification, repair, and finishing to improve the quality of the publication to meet the cultural and spiritual needs of the society.” [82 p. 60]. In connection with this editing process, researches introduce the concept of "editorial staff". These concepts are not highly scientific, not specific; the natures of the concepts are still confusing. In modern 9 publishing, the term "market" replaces the term "readers": Publishing is the intermediary process between author and market to turn works into publications according to the needs of the publishing market. “Publishing is an intermediary process” means capturing the demand and information between the author and the market to perfect the publication, making the publication holding contents and forms approaching the market demand. In addition, publishing is also a channel to receive information from the market to improve the contents and forms of the publication. In the publishing process, technology is a participatory process that shortens the editorial process, shortens the information gap between publishing and market, between publishing and society. Editorial technological activities are the process of applying technology in the exchange of information between authors and editors, between editors and the market. Associated with the publishing process of technology is THR, including information technology HR, computer technology HR, software technology HR. For the above researches or publications, the concept of technology, as well as THR, has been barely mentioned. In addition, the researches also indicate the role of HR in publishing, which are: Human resource is the key factor to ensure that publishing activities are carried out; “Editorial staff plays a key role in publishing, contributing to the decision of providing readers with high- quality publications, completing the publishing plan, well performing the political and business tasks of the Publishing House.”; Human resource is a strategic resource, the driving force for the development of publishing sector; Human resource in publishing is the factor that creates products with social service value, in which the editors play the role of a “midwife" for the birth of the publication. Some researches also show the international experiences of some publishing houses in some countries with economic and political trends, which are similar to Vietnam such as China. [28] pointed out the experiences of some publishing houses such as "Beijing People's Publishing House and Jiangsu People's Publishing House, large-scale and traditional Chinese Publishing houses, who have invaluable experiences in the construction and development of a publishing team and in fact these publishing houses have built a strong editorial team that equips them with the basic skills and necessary 10 conditions to be ready to meet the requirements of publishing activities in the market mechanism and the digital age.” 1.1.3. Research on publishing human resource development in the integration trend There is hardly any research on PHR development in the integration trend, from research in business organizations to state organizations. However, there are researches close to this content that are studies on HRD in the current international integration context. In terms of content, the researches on HRD also follow the steps below: - Analyzing, evaluating training, and development needs. - Planning training and development. - Organizing the implementation of training and development plans - Evaluating the effectiveness of training and development activities. 1.2. International literature review 1.2.1. Researches on publishing in general Researches on publishing in Singapore show that "Singapore book publishing houses are also actively exploring the internet as a channel for product development.” The research by Rüdiger Wischenbart (2017): “Global Trends in Publishing 2014 An overview of current performance and driving forces in the transformation of the international publishing sector” gives insights on the direction of the publishing sector in the context of “Broader growth of the digital value chain affects all content industries. Real new developments of technology impacting the market; Google, Apple and Amazon are the most conspicuous examples.” Meanwhile, each link in the chain value presents the emergence of new momentum, an adaptation of the old - including some in neighboring spheres and the development of new competition between localities or regions”. It is noteworthy that in this research, the author assessed the market transformation in the context that e-book, digitalization is in great demand for readers because “Books and reading are key to both learning and entertainment for hundreds of millions of people on all continents." and the author also pointed out that China had emerged as the second- largest publishing market after the UK and had outperformed Germany and Japan. 11 1.2.2. Researches on digital publishing in particular Research by Octavio Kulesz (2011): “Digital publishing in developing countries” shows the inevitability of digital publishing in a developing world, especially the development of technology. Another study is “Book publishing in Australia: the potential impact of digital technologies on business models” by Xuemei Tian (2008): This research clearly shows the transformation of publishing business models in Australia under the impact of digital technology when e-books are born. The research also stated that "The emergence and development of digital technology have the potential to provide significant opportunities for publishing in both print and electronic formats, and with the advancement in commerce". Another interesting research to be mentioned is Xiao Chuan Lian (2015) - “Chinese publishing sector - An Overview”. These researches are regional and global in terms of trends and objectives. Regarding the trends, researches show that the trend of digital publishing and digital business is a strong development trend of some countries with advanced publishing systems. Developed and trained HR are predominantly HQHR with professional qualifications, technology and foreign languages. Possess business, management and marketing skills to meet the requirements of digital sales and digital product sales. Yuan-Yuan Peng and YuanTian (2016) - Minutes of the First International Editorial Board Meeting of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, Thomas M. Shoesmith and Julian Zou (2016) - China Imposes Broad New Restrictions on Publication of Internet Content. Researches show that China is entering a period of digital business, including the publishing business. The organization of manuscripts, distributing organizations and seminars have been organized online via the Internet. However, there are no digital products such as e-books or similar products. China is also somewhat similar to Vietnam who considers publishing as a political and ideological work, which is strictly governed by the State. Research on e-books in Japan shows that Japan started to publish e- books since 2014, until now the market share of e-books is increasing day by day and the traditional book market is decreasing. 12 1.3. Research results related to the thesis and research direction of the thesis The research works have made significant contributions to human knowledge. clarifying many theoretical and practical issues in terms of human resources, talents, knowledge staff, HQHR in Vietnam. Some theses have analyzed the impacts of integration on the Vietnamese economy, thereby affecting the industrialization and modernization process and the inevitable requirements of HQHR development. For international research on publishing, there have been many pieces of researches on publishing in the direction of changing the publishing market, leading to changes in HR. The integration of the market and technology makes the publishing market bigger and bigger. The explosion of digital publishing also changes the product structure of publishing. The digital business also affects the publishing business, creating a huge demand for THR. There are no research works on the "Publishing human resource development in Vietnam in the integration trend” topic in terms of economic management perspective. The author focuses on researching the following issues: Regarding concepts, it is fundamental to study and supplement a number of concepts about PHR in the integration trend, which are: Concepts about editor and technology staff (TS) The role and nature of PHR economics, but from the perspective of economic management. There are also some concepts that need to be clarified more about the contents and natures including PHR development, THR development. Regarding the contents, on the basis of the established concepts, the thesis should have specific contents on PHR development from an economic management perspective, which is process construction, influencing factors and criteria for PHR development. Evaluating the current status of PHR in the period of 2010 up to now through the established criteria in terms of quantity, quality, structure of PHR Raising solutions to promote strengths, overcome the weaknesses of PHR in the current integration trend. Regarding the research methods, the thesis applies research methods such as: statistics, analysis, and summary through secondary data, primary 13 data. However, the primary data should be analyzed and evaluated to provide highly reliable information in the process of using such data. Especially, this thesis is oriented to collect primary data by online methods or over the internet. Regarding approaches: What are the interdisciplinary, sociological, direct and indirect approaches that the thesis uses in the research process? Under what circumstances are each of these approaches applied and how are the research results? CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS FOR PUBLISHING HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM IN THE INTEGRATION TREND 2.1. Some general concepts about publishing and publishing human resource development 2.1.1. Publishing and publishing human resources Editing: is the process of building, designing and editing manuscripts to meet the market's demand for books. The editing process needs the participation of authors, editors, and THR. Digitizing: The process of working to turn manuscripts into e-books or electronic products to meet the needs of a class of readers. The digitization process has the participation of editors, THR to ensure that: product ensures the book's criteria, business takes place smoothly, best serving the needs of the market. PHR are those who can participate in the labor process in the publishing process including: Editing, digitizing, printing and distributing. The terms "editing", "printing" and "distributing" are familiar terms in publishing. The term "digitizing" just recently appeared with digital publishing, whose products are e-books and digital products. Those who work in the editorial stage of the publishing process are called editors. The editor has the function of building outlines, editing, designing, and illustrating in order to perfect the draft before it is put on the market. Those who work in the digitalization stage in the electronic publishing process are called THR. THR has the function of using IT, digital technology to turn edited manuscripts into electronic books or digital products. 14 The concept of publishing human resources in the integration trend: The PHR in the integration trend are those who can work in international publishing organizations to participate in the international division of labor; and comply with the general laws and regulations to release publications and trade them in international, and regional markets. 2.1.2. Publishing human resource development in Vietnam in the integration trend Editor HR, THR development refers to the increase in the capacity of the workforce to become new editors and qualified technology staff, and the effective arrangement in digital editing and publishing process. An approach based on human resource supply means that the supply of HR is available, publishing houses and publishing organizations arrange and use HR effectively to avoid excess and loss of labor. The main content in this approach is the Publishing house, the publishing organization calculates enough HR needs for each type of labor, namely Editor, TS and solutions in HRD to create appropriate quantity and quality of HR. Human resource supply indicators include: Age, qualifications, HQHR. 2.2. Contents, evaluation criteria, factors affecting the publishing human resource development in Vietnam in the integration trend 2.2.1. Contents of the publishing human resource development in Vietnam in the integration trend a) Situation analysis Refers to the internal and external situations of the publishing house or business organization. The question is: Where are our PHR? b) Determination of goals and targets The first thing is to determine the period of the plan, for example, t from t0 to ti. Next, it is important to define the question: Where do we want to go? That means identifying two factors of HR: - How many editors and TS should be obtained in the period? - How should the quality of editors, TS be achieved? c) Strategy development Strategy development means developing an action plan to achieve a set goal including: Goal, policy application, operational process development to reach the set goals. "Strategy refers to defining long-term 15 goals, choosing the business process and allocating the prerequisite resources to achieve the set goals." d) Plan development Plans, whether medium or long term, are concretized by programs or projects. These are activities performed by a group of people to achieve a certain goal, in a certain time with certain resources. The project approach is suitable for publishing houses or publishing organizations for HRD because these entities are microenvironments with many changes. e) Organization of plan implementation Requires a combination of different departments, including the personnel organization, the editorial department, and the digital technology department. Each department is responsible for some specific work that they are responsible for implementing in the plan set out to achieve the goals. e) Inspection and supervision Planning is completed in the plan. Monitoring is the review of how the proposed plans are being implemented, whether the plan is oriented towards the set goals or not, whether the goals set are in line with the process and content of the project or not, and how the results are compared to the goals. f) Plan evaluation How is the plan for PHR development to the publishing situation of the unit evaluated? First of all, it is necessary to assess the impacts on fundamental factors such as: Number of jobs and job positions? Does the employee's income in the unit increase or decrease? How did revenues and profits change during the period? 2.2.2. Criteria for evaluating the publishing human resource development in Vietnam in the integration trend a) Quantity criteria - Criteria for the total quantity of HR - Criteria for the average quantity of HR: Which is an indicator reflecting the popularity and typicality of the number of HR in a given period. - Criteria for the structure of PHR including structure by gender and structure by training level, rank and job position. This thesis only researches on editors and THR, so it does not consider the gender structure. 16 b) Quality criteria - Professional criteria - Political criteria - Responsibility criteria - Professional ethics criteria - Health criteria 2.2.3. Factors affecting the publishing human resource development in Vietnam in the integration trend a) Objective factors - State publishing policy - Social factors - Natural factors b) Subjective factors - Model: publishing currently exists many different models - Strategy, scale - Capital: Joint stock company model facilitates integration in the process of attracting investment capital from other organizations. 2.3. Domestic and international experiences in publishing human resource development in Vietnam in the integration trend 2.3.1. Experiences - People's Publishing House of Beijing, Jiangsu - China - Pan Pacific Publications Pte Ltd. - Singapore - Pan Macmillan Australia - Australia 2.3.2. Lessons learned - Developing HR with high professional qualifications associated with management and business qualifications is now an inevitable need. - Developing THR associated with the line of electronic books and digital products is currently a growing trend in publishing. - Developing HR for digital business in publishing business is an urgent requirement. - Developing HR for printing in the context of shrinking fuel sources for paper production and other environmental factors is in urgent need. CHAPTER III. CURRENT SITUATION OF PUBLISHING HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM 3.1. Operational and organizational model 3.1.1. The current publishing model of the publishing organization 17 A) Public non-business units b) State-owned enterprises This model is often referred to as "One Member LLC" with 100% state capital. c) Joint stock company Joint stock companies were founded by publishing houses, or state- owned companies transformed into the parent-child company model. d) Other models Some business organizations operate in the following models: Joint venture companies and private companies are on an increasing trend in Vietnam. 3.1.2. Current publishing organizations and businesses a) Publishing house b) Publishing company 3.1.3. Analysis of current publishing integration a) Product and market integration b) Technology integration c) Human resource integration 3.1.3. Characteristics, situation of the publishing activity in the current context a) Outstanding characteristics of the publishing activity in the current context State management leadership; Qualifications – technology; Capital Market; Human resources b) The current operation of the publishing sector The current operation of the publishing sector mainly focuses on three areas: publishing, printing and publication. Traditional publishing activities, including publication, import and export of books. c) Opportunities and challenges of Vietnam’s publishing sector at present To analyze the HR and HR development in the publishing sector at present, the thesis applies SWOT matrix. 3.2. Current situation of publishing human resource development in Vietnam 3.2.1. Structure situation 18 a) Quantity Total quantity; Average quantity; Structure - Ratio of HR with university and post-graduate degrees/total quantity of HR - Ratio of HR with specialized university training/ total quantity of HR - Based on ranks - Based on job positions c) Quality Profession skills; Politics; Sense of responsibility; Professional ethics; Health Editor accounts for a high percentage in HR of the publishing house. This trend shows that the reform of HR structure in the publishing houses has not been conducted. For TS, the publishing houses have just started to form THR on the basis of using IT in publishing process such as publishing and illustration, but not yet applied to a higher level that is applying to the production and publishing process. 3.2.2. Situation of publishing human resource strategies and plans a) In terms of macro, the publishing sector have strategies and plans based on the sector master plans b) In terms of micro, publishing houses have HR plans 3.2.3. Situation of some criteria a) Quantity When the 2012 Publishing Law comes into effect, the minimum requirement for the number of editors of a publishing house is 5, publishing companies and organizations also need to have editors and certify editors, showing that the number of editors of publishing houses has increased significa