REVISION FOR THE FIRST EXAMINATION- GRADE 10

ường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/ * EX:a'bandon, , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy 3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2. Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1 EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse... * Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)... 4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL, -UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy... Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television... 5) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE, -SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE . Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon... *Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon… Exercise 1. a. pollute b. contractual c. reject d. marvellous 2. a. mechanic b. military c. apologize d. miraculous 3. a. compulsory b. intensity c. kidding d. invaluable 4. a. nursery b. focus c. delicate d. secure 5. a. curriculum b. kindergarten c. contaminate d.conventional 6. a. interest b. middle c. wonderful d. announce 7. a. occupation b. national c. natural d. passenger 8. a. office b. result c. pedal d. modern 9. a. routine b. continue c. announce d. panic 10. a. contain b. event c. holiday d. instead Grammar and Vocabulary +Tenses: 1. The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn) a. Form : ( Công thức ) - Khẳng định : I , We , You , They … ( S nhiều ) + V1 He , She , It ( S ít ) + V- s / es - Phủ định : I , We , You , They .. + don't + Vo He , She , It … + doesn't + Vo - Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They .. + Vo … ? Does + He , She , It … + Vo … ? b. Usage (Cách dùng ) : - Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên. Ex : The Earth goes round the sun . - He is a doctor. - Tom comes from England. - Diễn tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại ( always, often, usually, sometimes, now and then, seldom, rarely, never, every ..... ) dùng để nhận biết. Ex : He often goes to class late . / My mother gets up early every morning . Note : Thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch. 2 . The Present Continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + am / is / are + V –ing - Phủ định : S + am / is / are ( not ) + V -ing - Nghi vấn : Are / Is + S + V-ing …. ? Ex: We are studying English now . b. Usage ( Cách dùng) : - Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói ( ở hiện tại) * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at the moment, Ra lệnh ( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now - Diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai ( có kế hoạch từ trước) Ex : She is getting married next year. Note :* Be going to +Vo dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất hiện hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự định trước. Ex: The grey dark appears. It is going to rain. 3 . The Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hòan thành) a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + has / have + V3 , ed - Phủ định : S + has / have ( not ) V3 , ed - Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V3 , ed? b. Usage (Cách dùng ) : * Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra không rõ thời gian (thường đi kèm với các từ just , recently = lately, not .. yet, ever, never, aleady ) Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet . * Diễn tả 1 hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai (thường đi với các từ since , for) Ex : - They have lived here for ten years . * Ngòai ra còn có một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian như : so far = until now = up to now ,how long .. ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three…. times. Note : For ( many, several, 2, 3 / . + times, years, months or a long time = ages ) # since ( last week .. ) 4. The Simple Past (Thì quá khứ đơn ) a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + V2, ed … ( To be : was / were ) - Phủ định : S + did not Vo …. - Nghi vấn : Did + S + Vo ….. ? b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quá khứ ( đôi khi biết rõ thời gian ) thường có các từ đi kèm : yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thời gian ở quá khứ ) 5 . The Past Continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn ) a. Form : S + was / were + V - ing Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday. b. Usage : - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ . Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday? - Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang xảy ra ( hành động này kéo dài hơn ) thì có hành động khác xen vào . Ex: a. What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday? b. We were watching television when he came - Diễn tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cùng lúc ở quá khứ . Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V . * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian ở quá khứ ( yesterday, last .. ) Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday. 6 . The Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hòan thành ) a. Form : S + had V3 , ed b. Usage : Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ hoặc trước 1 thời điểm ở quá khứ . Ex : When I got up this morning , my mother had already left . * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before , after 7 . The simple future : (Thì tương lai đơn ) a. Form : S + shall / will Vo b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai : tomorrow , next ( week / month ) … , in 2010 Exercise:Give the correct tenses of the verbs in bracket 1. Hurry up ! the bus (come )………………………………. .I (not want )…………………………to miss it 2. We ( study)…………………almost every lesson in this book so far 3. How often (you /read )…………………………..a newspaper ? 4 The sun always( rise )………………….in the east .Look! it( rise )…………………..now 5. I try to learn Enlish for years but I(not succeed )……………………………..yet 6. He (not be )………………… here since Christmas .I wonder where he (live )…………………. since then 7. My wife and I ( travel )………………………. to Mexico by air last summer 8. When I (arrive)………………….at her house ,she still ( sleep )……………………………… 9. Yesterday, they ( go )……………… home after they (finish )…………………..their homework 10. we ‘ll go out when the rain ( stop )……………………. 11. Miss Hellen ( help )………………………. you as soon as she ( finish )…………….. that letter tomorrow 12. He usually (drink) ………. coffee but today he (drink) ……………..tea 13. When I arrived , the lecture ( already, start)................................. .........and the professor (write) ……………......... on the overhead projector 14. They (get) …………………............. married next week 15. Mr. Brown ……………….. (listen) to music now? + Passive voice( Simple Present, Simple Past, Present Perfect) ÿ. Form: be + past participle TENSES SUBJECT AUXILARY PAST PARTICIPLE Singular Plural 1. Simple Present The car/ cars is Are designed. 2. Present Perfect The car/ cars has been Have been designed. 3. Simple Past The car/ cars was Were designed. Ä1. S + is / are + V3/ED 2. S + has / have + BEEN + V3/ED 3. S + was / were + V3/ED Use the verbs in correct voice(Active voice and Passive voice) 0. Some kinds of milks (ban) to produce nowaday because they have “melamine”. _______________ 1. English (teach) in schools of almost every country. _________________________ 2. These doors and windows (clean) carefully yesterday. ________________________ 3. The class was too large, so it (devide) into two sections. ______________________ 4. Dinosaurs (exist) millions of years ago. _________________________ 5. Everyone (shock) by the terrible news yesterday. _________________________ 6.The letter (just, send) by my sister _________________________ 7. The fire (destroy) many buildings last year. _________________________ 8. How long the house (not, clean)?---For ages _________________________ 9. I (not, meet) my ex-friend since we left school . _________________________ 10. More 20 films (show) in Galaxy Cinemasince last month _________________________ 11.He has planted roses in the garden A. Roses have planted in the garden B. Roses is had to plant in the garden C. Roses have been planted in the garden D. Roses is planted in the garden 12. She bought two new skirts last Monday A. Two new skirts are bought last Monday B. Two new skirts were bought last Monday C. Two new skirts will be bought last Monday D. Two new skirts have been bought last Monday 13. They often does morning exercise A. Morning exercise is often done B. Morning exercise was often done C. Morning exercise will often be done D. Morning exercise often does + Who, whom, which A. RELATIVE CLAUSES - Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó. - Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT Danh từ đứng trước (Antecedent) Chủ ngữ (Subject) Tân ngữ (Object) Người (person) Who/That Whom/That Vật (Thing) Which/That Which/That 1. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses) a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH. Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son. à I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son. - The woman is standing over there. She is my sister. àThe woman who is standing over there is my sister. b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH. Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl. à I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to. - The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him. à The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher. c. WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH. Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars à She works for a company which makes cars. - The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages. à The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big. - Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents. He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ) d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son. - The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister. - I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to. - The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher. - She works for a company that/ which makes cars. - The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big. * Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT: - Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật: Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London. - Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much .... Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting. All that is mine is yours. - Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have. - You are the only person that can help us. - Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …) Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence. (Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.) * Những trường hợp không dùng THAT: - Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định. Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. - Sau giới từ Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale. 1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday. à………………………………………………….…………………………….. 2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen à………………………………………………….…………………………….. 3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City. à………………………………………………….…………………………….. 4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike. à………………………………………………….…………………………….. 5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996. à………………………………………………….…………………………….. 6 She hasn’t eaten anything. This makes her parents worried. à………………………………………………….…………………………….. 7.. The girl……………………….. is now in hospital. A. which was injured in the accident B. was injured in the accident. C. who was injured in the accident D. whom she injured. 8. The decision was postponed,..........was exactly what he wanted. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 9.Do you know the man ……………………..won the prize last Sunday? A. who B. which C. where D. Whom 10. Do you know the man ......................we talked to last night? A. when B. which C. where D. Who +Vocabulary and Word- forms (unit 4, unit 5, unit 6, unit 7) 1. “ …………………..” means “ an act of showing or explaining how to do something” A. Demonstration B. Information C. Time-consuming D. Gradually 2. We are going to the theatre tonight to see a drama. Drama is closest meaning to………….. A. film B. play C. documentary D. cartoon 3. A blind people is the one who can’t …………………anything A. see B. hear C. talk D. eat 4. My sister has talent in …………………………….. and she has won many prizes A. photography B. photographer C. photograph D. photogenic 5. To communicate fluently in English, we have to spend a lot of time practicing. It is a …………………….work. A. time-consuming B. time-bargain C. time-saving D. time-limit 6. I’ve been ……………………..for six months. I have to find work at once A. employed B. unemployed C. worked D. woker 7. Please ............... your phone card in the slot before pressing the number you require. A. insert B. operate C. plug D. adjust 8. Don’t throw away the …………We can have them for supper. A. sundeck B. photos C. food D. leftovers 9. Tom and Jerry is my favourite ............... A.comedy B. cartoon C. play D. film 10. Our friend won a big prize when he took part in the ............... on TV last week. A.game show B. talk show C. weather forecast D. comedy 11. Watching TV is an ............... way to relax. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyable D. enjoyment 12. Did you see the ............... wildlife program on TV last night? A.excite B. exciting C. to excite D. excitement + use 1. USED TO +V0 : đã từng (chỉ hành động xãy ra ở quá khứ mà bây giờ không còn nữa.) S didn’t use to Vo/ Did + S+ use to Vo? Ex:I used to smoke : tôi từng hút thuốc ( bây giờ không còn hút nữa ) There used to be a river here ( đã từng có một con sông ở đây )2. S (người ) + GET/BE + USED TO + VING / Noun: quen với  ex:I am used to getting up late on Sundays.(tôi quen dậy trể vào chủ nhật ) I was used to cold weather ( tôi quen với thời tiết lạnh)  Don't worry ! you will get used to living / life here soon.. 3. S( vật) BE USED TO + V0 : ( được sử dụng để ) S( vật)BE USED FOR + VingEg; A knife is used to cut the cake. (con dao được sử dụng để cắt bánh. ) Money is used for buying and selling goods. 4. USE (v,n): dùng, sử dụng Eg: May I use your phone?1.Photocopier is used for (make)………………. exact copies of documents 2. Dave used to (smoke) …………………….2 years ago 3. He uses a knife (cut)………………the cake 4. My father is used to(do)……………………….morning exercise every day 5. Fax machine is used to(send or receive)…………………………………………………..letter quickly 6. The old man is used to(fish)………………………………..on the lake near his house 7. I………………………….. to the zoo when I was a child A. used to B. is used to C. used for D. is used for 8.Liz used to …………………………..a motorbike but she sold it last year A. ride B. to ride C. riding D. rode 9. He ………………………getting up early in the morning A. used to B. is used to C. used for D. is used for 10. Did you …………………… on business? A. used to go B. is used to go C. use to go D. use for going + prepositions: Worried about, anxious about, get up. Contented with, good at/for, interested in, turn on, turn off, go off= ring, at, in, on, look forward to, different from, capable of, prevent from, send to, receive from, far from, proud of, Since+1999(Simple Past), for 2 days(a distance of time)………………. 1. I’m anxious…………..her, I haven’t receive the letter. 2. My house is far……………..the post office 3. TV is used ……………watching news. 4. Smoking is not good ……………..your health 5. Nam is very good…………..Maths 6. Marie Curie was born …………Warsaw …………November 7th, 1867 7. The alarm goes…………….at 4.30 8. I have lived here…………I was born 9. I’m looking …………….to hearing from you soon A. from B. about C. forward D. with 10.The port is capable ...................... handling 10 million tons of coal a year. A. in B. on C. of D. at. 11. His parents are contented ……………………….what he did A. from B. about C. forward D. with 12. He is different …………his wife A. forward B. about C. from D. with + To Vo/Ving( exercise on page 30, 31) 1. To Vo - Làm object of verb : S + V + to inf (as an object ) -. Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ ( object complemet): S + V + obj + to infinitive - After adjectives: S + V + too adj/adv ( for object )+ to inf S + V + adj/adv enough (for object )+to inf 2. Gerund(V-ing) as a verb( : có object hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi một trạng từ - After Prepositons - After some expressions and special verbs below 1. admit : thừa nhận 2. advise : khuyên ( không object ) 3. anticipate : tham gia 4. appreciate : đánh giá cao 5. avoid : tránh 6. complete : hòan thành 7. consider : xem xét 8. delay : trì hõan 9. dread : sợ 10. detest : ghét 11. discuss : thảo luận 12. dislike : không thích 13. deny : từ chối 14. enjoy : thưởng thức 15. excuse : xin lỗi 16. finish : hòan thành 17. forget : quên ( qúa khứ ) 18. forgive : tha thứ 19. fancy : tưởng tượng 20. imagine : tưởng tượng 21. involve : làm liên lụy 22. include : bao gồm 23. keep : tiếp tục 24. love : ( hoặc To inf) 25. like : thích 26. hate : ghét 27. mention : nhắc tới, nĩi tới 28. mind : phiền 29. miss : nhớ, lỡ, mất 30. postpone : đình, hõan. 31. prevent : ngăn cản 32. practise : luyện tập 33. recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại. 34. recollect : gợi lại. 35. recommend : khuyên, dặn dò. 36. regret : tiếc nuối ( quá khứ ) 37. remember : nhớ ( qúa khứ ) 38. resent : tức giận, phật ý. 39. resist : cưỡng lại, phản kháng. 40. risk : liều lĩnh. 41. stop : ngừng, từ bỏ. 42. start : ( hoặc To inf ) 43. suggest : đề nghị 44. tolerate : bỏ qua 45. understand : hiểu 46. restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa. * can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help * it is no use, it is no good, there is no use . * look forward to * busy, worth * have trouble,have difficulty............. * Note: Vo + ing or to infinitive 1. Recommend, begin, start, continue + To inf /Vo – ing 2. Forget, remember, regret: +to inf ® chỉ tương lai +Vo – ing ® chỉ quá khứ 3. Stop to infinitive ® ngừng việc đang làm để làm việc khác. Vo – ing : ® ngừng việc đang làm 4. Try to infinitive : cố gắng Vo – ing : thử 5. Need, want, require To inf : mang nghĩa chủ động Vo+ ing : mang nghĩa bị động (need: tobe + V (PP) 6. Would you mind + Vo- ing? Would you mind if + S + past Subjunctive …? 7. Advise, allow, permit obj + to infi Æ + Vo- ing 8. Prefer: + V-ing to V-ing:thích cái gì hơn cái gì + to infinitive: thích cái gì đó 9. Feel like + Vo ing: thích cái gì đó Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets below 1.A: Do you enjoy (be)…………………… at university ? B: Yes, I do. Although I often miss (see)…………………….. my old school friends. A: Don’t you mind (travel)…………………. so fast every day ? B: No, it only takes me an hour (get)………………………………. there. Sometimes I manage (work)…………… on the bus. A: Don’t you find all the noise and people prevent you from (concentrate) ……………………………… B: Not really. I usually do a bit of reading. Are you still at school or have you got a job ? A: I’m still at school. I hope ( go)……………………to university next year, but I haven’t applied anywhere yet. B: You should apply soon. It’s getting late. A : Where would you advise me ( apply)……………………………….? B: What subject are you studying ? A: Maths and Physics. I want (study)………………………………… Physics at university. B: I would recommend (apply) …………………………..to Newton University. 2.Ms. Lan Phuong enjoys …………….with children A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 3. Tell him…………….to see me at once A. come B. to come C. coming D. came + The + ADJ = group of people. The+adj is a plural noun Old the old:. ............................ young the young:............................ Poor the poor ........................... rich ........................................... Injured ............................... sick ............................................ Unemployed .............................. deaf ............................................ @ Complete the following sentences by using the + Adj : blind, deaf, healthy, old, polite, poor, rich, sick , unemployed, young *. ……………………………….of the town gather there once a month to get the dole *. ……………………………should share some of their possessions with ………………………….. *. ……………………………...are those who can see nothing, and ………………………..are those who can’t hear. *. There will be a great shortage of workforce in our country. The number of …………………………is decreasing while the number of ……………………………..is increasing. *. …………………………………..are the happiest people and have millions of wishes while ………………………….have only one wish; that’s to be healthy. *. ……………………………..always say “ sorry ‘’ and ‘’thank you’’ 1. ……………..are those who can hear nothing A. The dumb B. The blind C. The injured D. The deaf 2. She is a nurse. She spent all her life caring for……………….. A. the sick B. the young C. the injured D. the unemployed + Questions - Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng –Wh cho phep người hỏi tim ra được các thông tin về các chủ đề như sau. When ? ( khi nào ?) Time ( thời gian) Where ? (ở đâu ?) place (nơi chốn) Who ? (ai ? ) person ( người) Why ? ( tại sao ?) reason ( lý do) How ? ( như thế nao ?) manner (cách thức) What ? ( cái gì ? ) object, idea,action (vật thể, ý kiến, hanh động) - Một số từ để hỏi khac giup người hỏi tim kiếm được những thông tin cụ thể. Which one ? ( cái nào ) Choice of alternatives( lựa chọn) Whose ? ( của ai ? ) Possession ( sở hữu) Whom ? ( ai ?) person (người – tân ngữ) How much ? ( bao nhiêu?) price,amount (non-count) gia cả, số lượng( danh từ không đếm được) How many ? (bao nhieu?) Quantity (count) số lượng (danh từ đếm được) How long ? ( bao lâu?) Duration ( quá trình) How often ? ( bao lâu 1 lần) Frequency( mức độ thường xuyên) How far ? ( bao xa ?) Distance ( khoảng cách) What kind of? ( loại nào?) Description (miêu tả) Structures: Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thường có các cấu trúc sau: 1.Đối với câu có động từ "To be": WH- + BE + S +.........? Ex: I'm interested in Maths. ........................................................................... He is looking for Mr David. ........................................................................... She was at home. ........................................................................... There is a lillte of water in the bottle............................................................................. 2.Đối với câu có động từ khiếm khuyết: WH- + DTKK(can, could..) + S +.........? Ex: I may come back next month........................................................................................ She will get there by taxi.............................................................................................. Minh must go because his mother was ill..................................................................... 3.Đối với câu có động từ thường: WH- + DO/ DOES/ DID + S + Vo......? Ex: I got married in 2006...................................................................................................... She buys some food at a store near her house. ...................................................................................................................................... Nam and Mai like listening to music............................................................................ My son has three pencils............................................................................................... 4. Đối với câu có động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành: WH- + HAVE/ HAS/ HAD + S + Ved/V3......? Ex: She has been here for an hour....