State management of lectures at public universities in vietnam at the present time

e management status of lecturers of public universities in Vietnam today, in the context of the requirements of higher education innovation, democracy, autonomy and self-responsibility of universities. The thesis has pointed out the achieved results, the limitations and determined the causes of those results and limitations. Thirdly, the thesis has proposed solutions that contribute to perfecting the law and contents of state management for lecturers at public university but are linked to the requirements of the trend of university autonomy. The thesis has clarified the model of managing lecturers at public universities in the direction of strengthening decentralization of management, ensuring human resource autonomy for universities. 6. Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis 6.1. Theoretical issues: The thesis contributes to strengthening and perfecting the theoretical basis for state management, public universities, university lecturers, and laws for lecturers at public university and implementing state management for lecturers at public universities in Vietnam. 6.2. Practice issues: - The project contributes to the development and implementation of legal documents on university autonomy and consolidates the legal basis for the implementation of state management for lecturers of public universities. in Vietnam. - The thesis will be a useful reference for managers to enhance the effectiveness of state management for faculty 5 members in particular and the performance of the management apparatus of public universities in Vietnam in general. 7. The structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, the thesis content is structured with 04 chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Overview of research situation on state management for lecturers at public universities in Vietnam Chapter 2: Theory of state management for lecturers at public universities in Vietnam Chapter 3: Current situation of State management for lecturers at public universities in Vietnam Chapter 4: Perspectives and solutions for state management innovation for lecturers at public universities in Vietnam in the present time. Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE THESIS TOPIC 1.1 The situation of research related to the thesis topic 1.1.1 Theoretical research on state management for lecturers at public university The documents on state management vary from textbooks, monographs to scientific research topics, articles in newspapers and magazines have shown the basic contents of state management, state management system, state management decentralization in the world in general and in Vietnam in particular. The theoretical issues of state management of higher education, universities with its characteristics and role in society are also fully mentioned and analyzed by the studies. 6 In particular, through the research works, researchers have affirmed the important role of lecturers in universities. Many works of the authors have given a detailed system of contents related to the quality of lecturers, standards, criteria of competence, quality of a good lecturer, about the requirements that a new generation lecturers should be in the context of globalization and international integration,... 1.1.2 Research the current situation of state management for lecturers at universities Foreign and domestic research documents have generalized the development of higher education in the world, the region as well as in Vietnam. Studies have identified the status of Vietnam's higher education in the context of global education, especially the challenges and development trends. The situation of Vietnamese university lecturers has been mentioned in terms of quantity, quality and structure. At the same time, the studies have generalized the current situation of state management for lecturers: in developing and issuing management documents, management organizations (issues of planning, recruitment, using, training, compensation maintenance and policies) for lecturers. 1.1.3. Research state management solutions for university lecturers The studies propose diverse solutions from many angles, scope, research content from the perspective of education management, public administration, law from a province, a region or a school, a group of schools. The proposed solution may be 7 about one content in management or covering many contents of state management for lecturers. 1.2. Issues that have not been fully addressed or need further research: About the theoretical basis: Firstly, the concept of state management for university lecturers is not yet fully understood. Secondly, the role of state management for lecturers at public universities has not been clarified. Thirdly, the constituent elements of state management activities for lecturers have not fully identified subjects, subjects, content, methods and forms of management for public university lecturers. Fourthly, it is not clear which lecturers at public universities and state management work for lecturers at public universities have any characteristics to distinguish them from state management activities for lecturers of non-public universities and management activities for lecturers themselves. About current situation: Firstly, many authors have analyzed the situation of university lecturers but may be in an old locality, a region, a group of schools or data are no longer updated. Secondly, in the current state of the law for public university lecturers and state management of public university lecturers, there is no author focusing on synchronized research in the perspective of jurisprudence. . About regarding solutions: Firstly, it is necessary to complete the regulations governing the law for lecturers. Secondly, supplement and complete more innovative state management solutions for public university lecturers. 1.3. Research questions and research hypotheses Research question 8 What is the law for public university lecturers today? How is the state management work for lecturers at public universities organized? What measures should be implemented synchronously to contribute to perfecting the law and renovating the State management of current public university lecturers. Research hypotheses - The concept of state management for lecturers at public universities is not fully and consistently understood. There is not enough awareness about the role and factors affecting state management for public university lecturers, especially in the context of comprehensive innovation in higher education. - The law for lecturers at public universities is not synchronized, the enforcement efficiency is not high. The system of state management agencies for lecturers and responsibilities of each agency in state management for lecturers have not been clarified. The status of the law on public university lecturers and state management for public university lecturers has not been fully identified, especially the evaluation of achievements, limitations and causes of their achievements and limitations. - State management for lecturers in relation to the trend of university autonomy in general, human resource autonomy in particular has not been mentioned, it is necessary to build a model of state management for lecturers under the new mechanism, abolish "Governing ministry mechanism". - Solutions to contribute to perfecting the law and renovating state management for public university lecturers have not been mentioned nationwide in terms of jurisprudence. 9 Chapter 2 THEORETICAL STATEMENT OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR LECTURERS AT PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM 2.1. The concept, characteristics and role of state management for lecturers at public universities 2.1.1. State management concept for lecturers at public universities 2.1.1.1 Overview of public universities Public universities have their own characteristics to distinguish them from private higher education institutions in those aspects: establishment and management subjects; management mechanism and operational organization; facilities, financial resources and financial management mechanism; position and role of public universities. 2.1.1.2 Lecturers at public universities Lecturer at public university: is a person who is recruited according to the position and career title, works under the contract, undertakes teaching, scientific research and other activities of public universities. The role of public university lecturers: teachers, scientists, service providers for society. 2.1.1.3 Definition, subject, state management object for lecturers at public universities State management of lecturers at public universities is the impact and adjustment of organization of state agencies, organizations and individuals competent to lecturers of public universities in order to build teams of teaching staff with full 10 capability, quality and professional qualifications to meet the educational tasks set by the State. The subject of state management for lecturers is a state management agency or an organization or individual empowered by the State, using state power to carry out activities to influence lecturers to build, develop and use effective lecturers at public universities. According to current law, including the following agencies: Government, Ministry of Education and Training, Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, provincial-level People's Committees. The subjects of State management activities here are lecturers of public universities - State employees, received salaries according to the ranks prescribed by the State, signing work contracts with public universities, subject to the Law on Officials. 2.1.2. State management characteristics for lecturers at public universities Firstly, state management for public university lecturers is state management for education officials Secondly, state management for lecturers at public universities is the management of lecturers using state power, which is implemented by state agencies, officials and public servants. Thirdly, state management of lecturers at public universities aims to improve the quality of public education service. 2.1.3. The role of state management for lecturers at public universities Firstly, state management has a development-oriented role Secondly, state management is the basis to ensure the rights, responsibilities and quality of lecturers to meet the requirements of 11 developing a radical and comprehensive innovation in higher education. Thirdly, state management has the role of direct intervention, regulating the development of public university lecturers Fourthly, state management is the basis for perfecting the legal regulations on lecturers. 2.2. Contents of state management for lecturers of public universities 2.2.1. Legislation on public university lecturers 2.2.1.1 Definition and legal characteristics of lecturers at public universities As a whole, the laws promulgated and guaranteed by competent state agencies to regulate social relationships related to the powers, obligations and responsibilities of public university lecturers. Legal characteristics for lecturers at public universities: Firstly, the law on public university lecturers institutionalizes the State's responsibility for building and developing university lecturers to meet the requirements of renovating higher education. Secondly, the law on public university lecturers directly ensures human rights and ensures social justice in higher education. Thirdly, the law on university lecturers is associated with renovating the operating mechanism of public universities towards autonomy and self-responsibility. Fourthly, the law on university lecturers ensures the correlation between legal adjustment and adjustment by ethical and other social norms. 2.2.1.2 Adjustment of the law on state management of lecturers at public universities 12 The scope of adjustment of the law on state management of lecturers at public universities includes relations arising in the exercise of the competence to manage lecturers in the system of state administrative agencies. These are basic relations groups such as: social relations related to the competence to recruit and use lecturers; social relations related to the competence to train, train teachers, assess, reward and discipline teachers, ... 2.2.2. Implementing the legal provisions on lecturers at public universities in state management in Vietnam 2.2.2.1. Planning the lecturers of public universities 2.2.2.2. Recruiting, using, evaluating public university lecturers 2.2.2.3. Professional training and fostering for public university lecturers 2.2.2.4. Implementing the regimes, policies and disciplining public university lecturers 2.2.2.5. Inspecting, examining and handling violations committed by lecturers at public universities 2.3. State management forms and methods for lecturers of public universities 2.3.1 Forms of state management of lecturers Activities of issuing administrative management documents; forms such as certification, licensing, ...; forms of non-legal activities such as organizing conferences, training, ... 2.3.2 Method of state management for lecturers Persuasion method Method of enforcement Administrative methods 13 Economic method 2.4. Factors affecting state management for lecturers of public universities 2.4.1 The Party's viewpoints and orientations, the degree of improvement of the State's laws towards lecturers 2.4.2 Socio-economic conditions 2.4.3 Globalization and international integration 2.4.4 Science and technology 2.4.5 Cultural traditions, customs and practices. Conclusion of chapter 2 In chapter 2, the PhD student focuses on clarifying theoretical issues such as: state management concept, public university, public university lecturer, law on public university lecturers, role , characteristics of state management for lecturers, ... Through chapter 2, the thesis clearly shows the overall state management model for lecturers of public universities in Vietnam today: about management subjects, subjects management with characteristics to distinguish it from other objects of state management. 14 Chapter 3 CURRENT SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR LECTURERS AT PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM 3.1. The law for lecturers of public universities in Vietnam 3.1.1. Current situation of legal provisions governing lecturers at public universities in Vietnam 3.1.1.1. Regulations of law on titles, standards, rights and obligations of public university lecturers 3.1.1.2. Provisions on recruiting, using and evaluating lecturers at public universities 3.1.1.3. Regulations on training and retraining of public university lecturers 3.1.1.4. Regulations on regimes, policies, commendation and discipline for lecturers of public universities 3.1.1.5 Provisions on inspection, examination and handling of violations committed by public university lecturers 3.1.2. Comment on the current situation of the law for public university lecturers 3.1.2.1 Advantages of a system of state management documents for lecturers of public universities The legal provisions governing public university lecturers are relatively adequate, covering a wide range of issues related to faculty members; many documents are reviewed, supplemented and timely adjusted; State management documents for lecturers are relatively synchronized and uniform 15 3.1.2.2 Limitations of the system of state management documents for current public university lecturers There has not been sufficient institutionalization and there is an inconsistent document with the Party's guidelines and views; there are still asynchronous texts, some legal regulations for lecturers with slowly specifying. 3.2. Organize the implementation of state management regulations for lecturers of public universities in Vietnam 3.2.1. Planning public university lecturers Planning of lecturers of public universities is shown in the following documents: Planning on human resource development in Vietnam, Planning on university networks, Planning on developing human resources for education and training ... Under the decentralization, on the basis of the Government's planning, local governments in the provinces all formulate human resources development planning, education and training development planning period 2011-2020 at local. In these master plans, the content of the master plan is expressed in terms of number, lecturing staff's qualifications on the basis of practical, socio-economic development needs in the locality. 3.2.2. Recruiting and using public university lecturers 3.2.2.1 Recruitment of lecturers Basically public universities are decentralized in recruitment. As a result of recruiting public university lecturers, by the end of the 2017-2018 school year, the number of lecturers increased compared to the 2010-2011 academic year of 15,836 lecturers (up 36%). For universities that are given full autonomy, there is no need 16 to submit to the governing body for approval the recruitment plan and recognition of recruitment results. 3.2.2.2. Using lecturers The governing bodies have issued regulations on decentralizing the authority to use and manage lecturers at affiliated public universities for the following activities: building job placement schemes, institutional construction degree of work for lecturers, organization of review and decision to recognize the results of consideration for promotion of the title of main lecturer career title. Trainers work according to job positions, with the form of work contracts. 3.2.3. Professional training and fostering for lecturers Results of implementing 02 projects: Project 599 (formerly Project 322) and Project 911 with many officials and lecturers have been sent to study in advanced countries in the top 50 universities in the world. By the end of the 2017-2018 school year, there were 17,003 public university lecturers with doctoral degrees, of which 529 lecturers were Professors and 3,796 lecturers were Associate professors. 3.2.4. Teacher evaluation The current assessment and classification of lecturers are carried out according to both school year and calendar year according to criteria specified in the Law on Officials and guiding documents. 3.2.5. Implementing regimes, policies, honoring and rewarding lecturers 3.2.5.1. Implementing incentive policies 17 Many applied regulations have contributed to improving incomes and improving the lives of lecturers, such as vocational preferential allowances (class allowances), seniority allowances, attraction allowances, payment of overtime salary, 3.2.5.2 Honor and reward lecturers Titles of Professors and Associate Professors: from 1980 to 2019, the total number of recognized Professors and Associate Professors in our country is 12,000, of which 1,800 Professors and 10,200 Associate Professors. Awarding titles: In the period of 2010 up to now, the number of lecturers and managers of higher education institutions awarded the title of People's Teacher are: 241/275 People's Teachers, 1505/3060 excellent teachers, ... 3.2.6. Practice of inspection, examination and handling of violations by lecturers of public universities The Government Inspectorate has inspected the state management of higher education of the Ministry of Education and Training, ministries, branches and provincial People's Committees. The Ministry of Education and Training carries out specialized inspection of public universities in implementing policies for lecturers, ... 3.3. Assessment of the state management situation for lecturers of public universities in Vietnam 3.3.1. Major results and causes in state management of public university lecturers Major results Firstly, the system of legal documents that is interested in building is the basis to contribute to improving the efficiency in state management for lecturers of public universities. 18 Secondly, the recruitment, use and training of trainers have changed in a positive direction Thirdly, it’s necessary to pay attention to perfecting policies and implementing preferential policies for lecturers; timely evaluation, commendation and discipline of lecturers Fourthly, innovations in educational inspection activities have made many positive changes, changing the inspection activities mainly specialized to management inspection. The cause of these results: Firstly, the Party and the State are always concerned about the development of higher education, the authorities at all levels are aware of the importance of fundamental innovation in higher education. Secondly, the Government, the Ministry of Education and Training, the Ministry of Home Affairs, other ministries, branches and the provincial People's Committee have worked well in issuing a relatively synchronous system of guiding documents. Thirdly, the achievements of socio-economic development, political stability, improvement of people's life have created an environment and favorable conditions for human resource development in general and teaching staff in particular. 3.3.2. Restrictions and causes in the state management for lecturers at public universities The limitations Firstly, the system of legal documents on lecturers still overlaps between regulations; many issues have not been corrected; Construction progress and updates are still slow. Secondly, the recruitment of officials in public universities is still heavy on administrative procedures, not yet compatible with 19 the autonomy mechanism of public universities. Method of managing and using lecturers has not had many breakthroughs. Overlapping in teacher evaluation, the use of evaluation results is not effective. Thirdly, the planning of teaching staff is carried out but is formal, not effective. Training and fostering of lecturers have not been highly effective. Fourthly, the restrictions in regulations and implementation of policies, incentives, rewards and discipline of lecturers. Fifthly, the quality and effectiveness of inspection are still limited. The cause of the limitations: Firstly, a number of concerned agencies, organizations and individuals are not fully and deeply aware of the concept of "education development is a top national policy" as well as the position and role of teachers and lecturers in "planting people" career; Since then, has not performed all responsibilities in developing the contingent of teachers and lecturers. Secondly, the capacity of state management of competent agencies, cadres and civil servants is limited. The coordination with ministries, branches and provincial People's Committees is not really effective. Thirdly, the empowerment and assurance of mechanisms for personnel autonomy for public universities are limited. Fourthly, our country's financial capacity is still limited. Conclusion of chapter 3 In chapter 3, PhD students focus on analyzing the state management contents of public university lecturers associated with 20 the functions and tasks of competent state management agencies. From building and issuing documents to planning, recruiting, using and evaluating lecturers; from training, fostering, developing policies to inspecting, examining and handling violations in lecturer management activities. In this chapter, the author has made field surveys, based on the collected data to draw comments on the achieved results and outstanding issues. Through assessments of the current situation, the researcher has identified the causes of these results and shortcomings: from thinking, awareness issues to management mechanisms, and the capacity of officials and public servants in the state management agency. This is an important basis for PhD students to propose a system of solutions to improve the state management efficiency for lecturers in the following chapter. Chapter 4 VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS FOR INNOVATING STATE MANAGEMENT FOR LECTURERS AT PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM AT THE PRESENT TIME 4.1. The concept of state management innovation for lecturers at public universities in Vietnam today 4.1.1. State management for lecturers at Universities of the University must